Abstract: A dispersion shifter fiber, which has zero dispersion wavelength on a long wavelength side beyond 1640 nm, a wavelength dispersion of ?1.0 to ?10.0 ps/nm/km at a wavelength range of 1530–1625 nm, a dispersion slope of less than 0.07 ps/nm2/km, a polarization mode dispersion of not more than 0.1 ps/(km)1/2 at a wavelength of 1550 nm, and a core cross-sectional area of 40–70 ?m2 at the wavelength of 1550 nm.
Abstract: Processes for producing a 7-isoindoline-quinolonecarboxylic acid derivative represented by the general formula [1] which is useful as an antibacterial agent, and an intermediate thereof:
comprising reacting, in the presence of metallic palladium, an isoindoline-5-boronic acid, or of a 5-halogenoisoindoline, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkoxyborane or an alkoxydiborane.