Abstract: Disclosed are a charging member comprising a resol-type phenol resin having a specific structural unit and a method for manufacturing the charging member and an electrostatic latent image developer, image forming apparatus, and image forming method using the charging member. The resol-type phenol resin is characterized by the fact that in that the structural unit contains, in particular, a —[(CH2)pNR1R2] group directly bonded to an aromatic ring. The resol-type phenol resin exhibits high charging property and has excellent environmental stability and hence it can impart stable charge to a toner, whereby a high quality image in electrophotography can be maintained for a long period of time.

Abstract: Pyrazole compounds of formula ?1! and their tautomers and salts: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group, etc.; R.sup.2 is a carboxyl group, etc.; R.sup.3 is a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a phenyl group, etc.; R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, etc.; R.sup.7 is a carboxyl group, a 5-tetrazolyl group, etc.; X is a nitrogen atom, etc.; Y and Z each are CH, a nitrogen atom, etc.; A and E each are a methylene group, etc.; D is a phenyl group, etc.; G is a covalent bond, etc.).The compounds of the invention have an antagonistic effect against angiotensin II and are useful for prevention and remedy of hypertension, congestive cardiac insufficiency, chronic renal insufficiency, aldosteronism, hyper-intraocular pressure, etc.