Abstract: Pulse returns received as discrete range samples are averaged, summed with ach new range sample and stored individually in cells of a shiftable register. Undesirable range smearing due to relative movement of the target is avoided by aligning each new range sample with the closest of the previously-stored sums. A control signal is generated to represent the estimated relative movement of the target for a particular interpulse period. Alignment is achieved by then shifting the register responsively to the control signal so that the closest stored range sample is summed or integrated with the new, incoming range sample.

Abstract: A booster charge is provided with an arcuate, semi-cylindrical surface dised in continuous contact with a length of explosive cord at a location medial of its length. A donor charge detonates the booster which, in turn, applies the detonation force to a side portion of the explosive cord to produce a cord detonation propagating axially in both directions. Reliability of the cord detonation is increased by the increased amount of the booster charge closely adjacent to the cord and by some focusing of the booster charge. The shock wave propagation in the cord is reliably augmented by the booster. The increased reliability factors permit miniaturization of the donor charge, the booster and the cord.

Abstract: A signal source position is determined using an angle-measuring, interferter system employing a longitudinal antenna array having a baseline length greater than the signal wavelength. The long, multi-lambda (n.lambda.) baseline produces ambiguous phase measurement ( ). Thus, the true angular position or bearing could correspond either to .phi., or .phi..+-.360.degree., or .phi..+-.2.sup.. 360.degree., -.phi..+-.(n-1)360.degree., or .phi.-n .360.degree.. Ambiguities are resolved by the longitudinal array angular motion relative to the signal source and by phase tracking the signal during the relative movement. To determine the true signal position, (2n) different software solutions for signal position are set up to process the 2n different angular data produced by each phase measurement (.phi.). The "Lobe Tracking" procedure (there are n-number of data lobes in a (n.lambda.

Abstract: A pair of all-sky cameras each equipped with a 220.degree. Fisheye-Nikkor ns are disposed with their lenses pointing vertically. One of the cameras is rotated about an axis passing through the zenith while the other is maintained in a stationary disposition or, if desired, counter-rotated. Because of the relative rotational movement of the film of the cameras, there is a measure of displacement between the images formed on the respective films and the angular deviation produced by the displacement can be measured to determine the time development of lightning discharge.