Abstract: An improved heat exchange tubing and blade assembly is described. The heat exchange assembly comprises an elongated tube and an elongated heat exchange blade strip positioned thereon. The heat exchange strip includes an array of integrally formed blade segments which extend from a U-shaped support segment of the strip. Surfaces of the blades extend at a favorable angle of attack to the incident fluid flow stream, and in a preferred embodiment the chords of the blades extend in a direction substantially normal to a longitudinal axis of the tube. The strip is supported on an outer surface of the tube, and a means integrally formed with the tube maintain the support segment in thermal contact with the tube.

Abstract: The invention comprises a passive infrared intrusion detector including a lamp for locating the zones being protected by the detector. The detector includes a heat sensor, a lens system for receiving and focusing the body heat of an intruder on the heat sensor, and electrical circuitry responsive to the heat sensor for actuating an alarm or detection signal when the body heat of an intruder is detected.The zone locator lamp is positioned near the heat sensor and its light passes through a lens in the general direction of a zone to be protected. The light parallels a portion of radiation which is focused on the heat sensor by another lens. If the light can be observed from a given position in front of the detector, that position is in a zone being observed by the detector and body heat radiated from that zone will be focused on the heat sensor. Thus, zones protected by the intrusion detector can be established by adjusting the position of the detector until light from the zone locator lamp is observed.

Abstract: A hair conditioner is provided having a stable pearlescent effect which is achieved in the absence of nacreous or synthetic pearlescing agents. In addition to the usual substances for controlling pH, for conditioning, for emulsifying, and for preserving, this hair conditioner also includes two conditioning agents which together serve to produce a pearlescent effect that remains stable and does not settle. These agents are preferably stearamidopropyl dimethyl benzylammonium chloride and stearyl dimethyl benzylammonium chloride in the ratios of about 2.5 to about 7.5% and about 2 to about 5%, by weight, respectively, together with about 0.25% to about 0.75% by weight of sodium chloride.

Abstract: In a tire chain comprising supporting members (1) disposed on the tread surface a retaining network (4) for the supporting members (1) is used which comprises transversely extending network parts (3) connecting lateral strands (6) and passing through passage apertures (2) in the supporting members (1). To prevent tilting of the supporting members (1) about their longitudinal axis the transversely extending network parts (3) are joined together in the region of the tire tread by connecting strands (11) which form holding-down means for the longitudinal edges of the supporting members (1).

Abstract: Airgun apparatus are disclosed providing high strength, high pressure and large volume capabilities. An integral high-strength cylindrical housing extends for the full length of the airgun and gives a sleek overall cylindrical configuration. The components of the airgun advantageously are assembled within this cylindrical housing in two groups by sliding them in through the upper or lower end, respectively; moreover, either of the groups of components can be removed independently of the other. The components are pressed firmly together in place within the cylindrical housing by a strong screw-jack type of holding action, and tightening and locking apparatus is included on the airgun itself for enabling the mechanic to tighten and lock the holding means with enormous mechanical advantage.

Abstract: Fully automated method and apparatus are provided for labelling containers, including supplying and applying labels. A supply provides a web of preprinted labels which may be pre-perforated for easy separation. This web of labels is fed past a sensing device and an adhesive applicator. A clamp temporarily clamps the web in response to signals from the sensor during separation of the leading label from the web. The leading edge of each label is fed to a label-engaging station with the adhesive-coated surface facing the container to which it is to be applied. Conveyor means continually transport a sequence of individual containers to said station where the respective container contacts the adhesive-coated label end. Immediately, the container begins to be rolled in a labelling channel defined between a continuously revolving belt having a friction surface and an opposed stationary wall for wrapping the label firmly around the container rolling along this channel.

Abstract: An analog signal is converted into an n bit digital signal by n comparator circuits which compare the analog input to 2.sup.n -1 reference inputs. Each comparator output alternates as the analog signal increases through the reference levels. Logic circuitry including n-1 exclusive-OR gates decodes the comparator outputs into an n bit code.A comparator circuit for comparing the analog input signal with each of several reference levels and providing an alternating output includes a pair of differential input transistors and a current sink transistor associated with each reference level. The collectors of the differential transistor pairs are cross coupled to two output resistors which are connected to a differential exclusive-OR gate. A latching circuit is operable to latch the comparator output when the comparator is in other than the comparing mode.

Abstract: A tire protector chain comprises plate-shaped components (1) which cover the tread of the tire and further comprises on at least one side of the tire a chain net connected to said components (1) by means of connection devices (4;15;24;28;34). The connection devices (4;15;24;28;34) being in the form of overload protection means which under the action of critical external forces free the chain net, or parts thereof, before the breaking strength of the chain links (14) is reached, in such a manner that no fragments of chain links (14) or of the connection devices (4;15;24;28;34) are released.

Abstract: Signal-processing circuitry including at least two pairs of bipolar transistors with the transistors of one pair being series-connected with the transistors of the second pair, and the second pair being cross-connected from collector-to-base. Other circuitry includes (1) an input arrangement for converting a single-ended input voltage to a complementary pair of currents, (2) a differential emitter-follower providing 2V.sub.BEs of level-shifting, (3) means for obtaining an output signal proportional to the square of an input signal, and (4) a simple active rectifier.

Abstract: A high strength submersible electrical cable and connector assembly are described which are particularly suitable for use with high pressure valve actuated devices such as air guns which operate in harsh environments such as at sea and which generate large vibrational forces and where the cable and connector are subject to towing stresses as the air gun is towed through the water during a seismic survey operation. The connector has a sleeve body member with a socket retainer in one end adapted to be coupled to a solenoid valve on the air gun. A non-conductive anchor plug is mounted within the sleeve body and mechanically and electrically secures in the sleeve an electrical cable having a plurality of insulated high tensile strength electrical conductors.

Abstract: A laser scanning flaw direction inspection system is provided for simultaneously scanning a plurality of laser sources across a moving web of material being inspected. The plurality of laser beams are simultaneously scanned utilizing a common scanning apparatus. Laser beam radiation from the plurality of laser sources is collected from the web of material being inspected and detected for generating signals based on the integrity of the radiation applied to the detector from the material being inspected. The plurality of laser sources are preferably of different wave lengths, may have different spot sizes and may be separated by a fixed distance in either the scanned direction or in the direction of web travel. By providing such flexibility in size, positioning and wavelength, and using optical filters to separate the signals related to each of the sources, different types of flaws as well as different information may be generated which would not be possible using a single source system.

Abstract: A sole for running shoes which utilizes detachable tread elements. The main sole contains perforations consistent with the pattern and number of tread elements. Integral with the elements are shafts which fit into the perforations. This arrangement allows the user to replace worn treads and this greatly extends the usable life of the shoe.

Abstract: A dual wound capacitor is provided in which two capacitors with a common electrode are provided or two separate capacitors are provided in a single winding operation. First and second metallized dielectric films are wound through a predetermined number of turns to a position preceding a gap in at least one of the metallized sides of the film. The gap is formed by removing or omitting metal from an intermediate portion on the dielectric film either before the capacitor is wound or during the winding process. The gap so formed may be as narrow as an eighth of an inch and, under any circumstance, is substantially less than the length of one winding of the capacitor. An insulated sheet having a length sufficient to encircle the gap is inserted and wound between first and second metallized dielectric films and extends outwardly from one side of the capacitor to form an overlapping circular barrier which separates the metallized portions on each side of the gap.

Abstract: Device for measuring the speed and/or the distance for skiers, consisting of a toothed wheel positioned at the ski and rotatable around an axis always vertical to the ski axis, the toothing of the wheel being in mechanical contact with the snow, whereby the wheel is protected at the side and in front and the space in which the wheel is positioned is open towards the back.

Abstract: A system including a compact array of microphones in combination with signal combining circuitry, especially suited for use with surround-sound sources, for producing two composite signals LT and RT corresponding to those required by an SQ-matrix-type quadraphonic system to establish the directional position of the sound sources. The signals produced by selected ones of the microphones are combined to produce an auxiliary signal which contains, to the extent they are present, equal proportions of signals corresponding to the signals LF, RF, LB and RB of the SQ quadraphonic system which exhibit an equal angular relationship respecting corresponding signals in a composite signal representing the sum of LT and RT. The auxiliary signal enables decoding of the directional signals in the 4-3-4 or the .theta.-3-4 modes.

Abstract: A wide web laser scanner flaw detection method and apparatus are provided for rapid and accurate inspection of wide web materials. A plurality of laser sources are scanned by a plurality of aligned synchronized rotary scanners which repetitively scan the sources in sequence on a predetermined scan path over the material being examined with each laser scanning only a portion of the scan line. The rotary scanners are selectively blanked in sequence such that only one rotary scanner is scanning a single laser beam on only a portion of a line scan on the material in any given time interval and the blanking means are staggered such that one complete line scan is formed across the material by consecutive sequential alternating scans of each of the laser sources by each of the rotary scanners. The wide web is moved in a direction transversely with respect to the direction of the scan line for providing a raster type scan pattern along the wide web of material being inspected.

Abstract: A force detector for detecting a force directly as a stress is disclosed which includes a piezoelectric unit for detecting a stress, a vessel for housing the piezoelectric unit, and a seal member for sealing the piezoelectric unit firmly and integrally in the vessel.

Abstract: A solid-state (IC) regulated voltage supply compensated for effects of changes in temperature comprising first and second transistors operated at different current densities. Associated circuitry develops a voltage proportional to the .DELTA.V.sub.BE of the two transistors and having a positive temperature coefficient. This voltage is connected in series with the V.sub.BE voltage of one of the two transistors, having a negative temperature coefficient, to produce a resultant voltage with nearly zero temperature coefficient. A feedback circuit responsive to current flow through the two transistors automatically adjusts the base voltages to maintain a predetermined ratio of current density for the two transistors. Other embodiments provide higher-level DC outputs and compensation for base current flow.

Abstract: A low cost, readily assembled container suitable for germinating seeds and supporting plant growth under balanced growth conditions includes a plastic base containing an integral series of germinating/root control means and a series of channels including means for regulating water/gas transmission, and a separate soil containment means which can be assembled in some of the channels thereby defining a container for the soil. The invention also includes methods of germinating seeds and growing plants using the container of the invention.