Abstract: In one implementation, a transmission apparatus includes a protocol stack for a DSL transmission system, the protocol stack includes a retransmission functionality, the retransmission functionality being provided between a sublayer of a TPS-TC layer and a data link layer, the retransmission functionality having a fragment of a packet or a group of fragments of a packet as basic retransmission unit. The protocol stack may implement a service specific retransmission functionality such that for a first class of services retransmission protection is provided and for a second class of services no retransmission protection is implemented.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for determining potency of RNAi agents. Such methods include, but are not limited to, cell-based and cell-free assays that measure binding of an RNAi agent with Ago2 or that measure Ago2 activity in the presence of such RNAi agents. Also provided are assays that determine potency of RNAi agents by assessing their ability to compete with other RNAi agents, including control RNAi agents, for binding and/or activation of Ago2.

Abstract: In a method for asynchronously transmitting control signals from a transmitter end to at least one receiver via a plurality of control lines, control signals received via the individual control lines are logically combined with one another at the receiver end and the result of the logic combination is transmitted to the transmitter end.

Abstract: A method and a system for reading from memory cells in a memory device are provided. In one embodiment, the memory device comprises a first plurality of data lines and a second plurality of data lines, at least one first multiplexer coupled to the first plurality of data lines and at least one low reference line, at least one second multiplexer coupled to the second plurality of data lines and at least one high reference line, at least one third multiplexer coupled to the at least one first multiplexer and the at least one second multiplexer, and a reference memory cell coupled to the at least one third multiplexer and at least one sense amplifier.

Abstract: Implementations are presented herein that include an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit. The ESD protection circuit includes a first transistor and a second transistor. The first transistor has a first terminal that is coupled to a first supply line and a bulk that is coupled to a second supply line. The second transistor has a first terminal that is coupled to the second supply line, a bulk that is coupled to the first supply line and a second terminal that is coupled to a second terminal of the first transistor to define a protected node. The ESD protection circuit further includes a current limiting element that has a first terminal that is coupled to the protected node.

Abstract: Implementations are presented herein that include a time delay path.

Abstract: Provided are compounds of the formula: wherein RN1 is a substituent of formula G1-NX1X2, wherein G1 is an optionally further substituted alkylene, which optionally forms, together with RN2, a cyclic group, and each of X1 and X2 is independently H or an N-substituent, or X1 and X2 together form a heterocyclic ring, or X1 together with G1 forms a cyclic group and X2 is H or an N-substituent; and each of Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 is H or a substituent, or two of Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 together form an optionally substituted ring, and further wherein at least one of Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 is other than H, and salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using the compounds. The compounds have antiviral activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a digital signal transfer method and apparatus in which a signals are transferred between first and second electrically isolated circuits. An announcement signal is transferred from the first circuit to the second circuit and a data signal is transferred from the first circuit to the second circuit within a data signal time window associated with the announcement signal.

Abstract: A method and a system for converting time intervals are provided. In one embodiment, the system comprises a first time-to-digital converter having a first resolution configured to convert a first time interval, a second time-to-digital converter having a second resolution configured to convert a second time interval, and a third time-to-digital converter having a third resolution and coupled to the first time-to-digital converter and the second time-to-digital converter, the third time-to-digital converter configured to convert a third time interval and a fourth time interval.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1. The compositions comprise oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acid encoding diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 expression and for diagnosis and treatment of disease associated with expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, such as obesity and obesity-related conditions, are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for the pulmonary delivery of nucleic acids, particularly oligonucleotides. In one preferred embodiment, the compositions and methods of the invention are utilized to effect the pulmonary delivery of an antisense oligonucleotide to an animal in order to modulate the expression of a gene in the animal for investigative, therapeutic or prophylactic purposes.

Abstract: Implementations are presented herein that relate to a fuse device, an integrated circuit including a fuse device, a method of implementing a fuse device and a method of programming a fuse device.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the levels expression, processing and function of miRNAs. The compositions comprise oligomeric compounds targeted to small non-coding RNAs and miRNAs. The oligomeric compounds possess potent miRNA inhibitory activity, and further exhibit improved therapeutic index. Further provided are methods for selectively modulating miRNA activity in a cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a protection circuit for protecting a half-bridge circuit. The protection circuit detects an incorrect response of the half-bridge by monitoring the current of a first switch at a series resistor of a second switch. The protection circuit has a detector for detecting the voltage across the resistor and an evaluation circuit which is designed in such a manner that it evaluates an output signal from the detector after the first switch has been switched on and provides a fault signal at an output when the voltage across the resistor is greater than the threshold voltage.