Abstract: The invention relates to holography and more particularly to an electronic holographic apparatus whose electrical output represents the magnitude and phase of coherent light reflected from a three-dimensional object and distributed over the aperture of the apparatus. The apparatus provides a coherent beam which illuminates the object to create a speckle pattern in an aperture bounding an optical sensing arrangement. A reference beam derived from the same source as the illuminating beam illuminates the sensing aperture directly and creates fringes in the speckle pattern. The optical sensing arrangement consists of a charge injection device (CID) camera with plural optical detectors arranged in relation to the speckle pattern to sense the magnitude and spatial phase of each speckle (on the average).

Abstract: Structured boiling surfaces for increasing the critical heat flux of immersed surfaces are disclosed. The structures comprise holes or cavities in the boiling surface which constrain vapor jets to be less than the natural spacing thereof, which satisfy the vapor-liquid flooding criteria and which supply added surface area. A configuration having an arcuate surface in order to facilitate vapor removal therefrom when operated in a downwardly facing direction is disclosed.

Abstract: Temperature indicating apparatus for sensing overheating at a pair of terminals on an electrical power line comprises a pair of thermocouples, each thermally coupled to and electrically isolated from a different one of the terminals, and a light emitting diode (LED) coupled to the output of the thermocouples through a conditioning circuit. An excessive temperature rise at either terminal causes the output voltage of the thermocouple coupled thereto to increase, thus causing the LED +o to be lit and to provide a visual indication of overheating. A meter display may be provided to show the actual temperature of the terminals in response to thermocouple voltage output. A method for determining heating at a termination without physical intervention comprises determining the rate of temperature rise of the termination for a known current therethrough and comparing the rate to a predetermined rate threshold.

Abstract: An arrangement of controls for a vapor compression open cycle industrial process heat pump permits the level of liquid and fluid pressure in a flash tank to be simultaneously and independently monitored and regulated to assure efficient operation of the system and to prevent equipment failure. Liquid level sensing means send a signal to a modulatable valve associated with a liquid discharge pump to maintain the liquid in the flash tank at an optimum level. At the same time, fluid pressure sensing means send a signal to a modulatable inlet throttle valve to regulate fluid pressure in the tank by regulating fluid as required, to maintain tank fluid pressure at the desired level.

Abstract: A receiver for recovering digital data from a phase-shift modulated carrier in a data communications system, wherein the length of the message preamble is insufficient to permit synchronous detection, divides the received signal into two channels. The channels having the larger and smaller signals are selected as the data and the servo channel, respectively. The output of the servo channel is utilized to control the local oscillator frequency in order to provide for synchronous detection during at least a part of the message data.

Abstract: A copper alloy welding filler for use in arc welding copper to produce sound welds with good mechanical strength and high electrical conductivity is disclosed. The filler consists essentially of a zirconium-boron copper alloy filler metal wherein the concentration ratio of zirconium to boron is at least about 4 to 1; the minimum concentration of boron is about 300 PPM; and the concentration of zirconium is a maximum of about 6000 PPM. The minimum level of about 300 PPM boron on a weight basis eliminates porosity in the weld; while zirconium below about 6000 PPM is effective to eliminate weld cracking without having a detrimental effect on the electrical conductivity.

Abstract: This invention provides a method and apparatus for early detection of wiping contact between a rotating shaft and bearing metal in a flow lubricated bearing. In one form of the invention, a temperature sensor is provided to monitor bearing temperature at a location on the bearing in proximity to the maximum loading position. The sensor signal is sampled periodically by a plurality of sample and hold circuits so that present and immediately past values of the bearing temperature are always on hand. The sampled values are applied to a set of subtracters, each one of which provides a signal representing the difference between two consecutively sampled temperature values. Selected ones of the temperature differences are applied to summers and the largest sum is selected by a high-value selector and compared with a preselected setpoint value representing an excessive temperature change for a given time period.

Abstract: Vapor laden effluent from a drying chamber is dehumidified by condensing the vapor through the acceleration thereof, and by subsequent condensate removal as through inertial separation. The resultant effluent is recirculated to the drying chamber after being heated and pressurized.

Abstract: Latent heat is stored in a liquid storage material having a variable phase-dependent density from which material heat is subsequently removed by heat transfer with an immiscible liquid interfaced with the storage material, such that storage material at the interface is solidified resulting in the separation thereof from the interface by buoyancy forces.

Abstract: A heat exchanger system exhibits an improved coefficient of heat transfer over a conventional convection heat exchanger while maintaining the beneficial high temperature driving force of conventional convection heat exchanger. A plurality of heat extraction means are provided in heat flow communication with a plurality of shallow beds of particulate matter, which beds are fluidized by a heat-laden gas stream.A method for extracting heat from a heat-laden gas stream is also disclosed.

Abstract: Material comprising particulate matter is atomized and coated on a surface of an object by delivering the material to a surface of a spinning atomizer from a non-rotating delivery means preferably situated within the volume defined by the atomizer. The material is atomized by being thrust from the atomizer surface and at least a portion of the atomized material impacts the surface being coated. The method is particularly applicable to coating surfaces wherein abrasive material is atomized, since a seal between the non-rotating delivery means and atomizer is not needed, and wherein space limitations are imposed on the configuration of the atomizer. Further, a potential difference may be established between the atomized material and surface to be coated whereby an axial flow of material from the surface of the atomizer may be effected.

Abstract: A bus communication system has each of a plurality of bus interface units (BIUs) connected to a transmission bus at respective spaced locations along the bus. Each BIU includes a transmission system operable in both a contention mode and a token-passing mode. In the contention mode, the transmission system completes the transmission of information packets only after the BIU senses the bus and determines that no additional information packets are being transmitted on the bus. During the token-passing mode, the transmission system transmits an information packet only after the expiration of a time interval unique to that BIU and determined by the relative location both of that BIU and of the last BIU to transmit either an information or a start-up packet on the bus. A control system causes the transmission means to switch between the contention and token-passing modes of operation as a function of the transmission activity on the bus.

Abstract: A method for detecting excessive current in a system and interrupting the delivery of further current thereto comprises determining actual system current, obtaining a value of a predetermined system parameter indicative of the time the actual system current can safely exist in the system, creating a dynamic history of the predetermined system parameter by repetitively modifying the predetermined system parameter in accordance with actual system current, and interrupting power to the system if the dynamic history of the predetermined system parameter exceeds a predetermined threshold. The predetermined system parameter may be quadratically extended into an undefined region in order to decrease the response time to an overload or fault condition.

Abstract: A gas distributor for fluidizing a bed of particulate matter which provides for minimum dissipation of particle energy from a particulate-laden gas stream on a distributor surface is disclosed. The gas distributor allows the particulate-laden gas stream to contact the surfaces of the distributor at about 90.degree. or 0.degree. which are angles of impact for low erosion. Opposing particulate-laden gas streams are made to contact each other which removes particle kinetic energy while minimizing erosion before fluidizing the bed of particulate matter.A method to minimize erosion of a gas distributor for fluidizing a bed of particulate matter from a particulate-laden gas stream is also disclosed.

Abstract: A high speed relay for detecting multiphase faults using operating and polarizing signals from static transmission line protective relays provides an instantaneous estimate of the relative phase angle between relay signals without any loss of relay security.

Abstract: The processing of computer program delays and timers is placed outside the computer mainframe in a routine timer in order to reduce the amount of computer processing capability dedicated to keeping track of time intervals to be performed by the computer. Such a routine is particularly applicable to systems controlling a plurality of devices in which each device is controlled by a separate computer program designed to operate the device in a predetermined manner in response to specific conditions detected at the hardware site and transmitted to the computer.

Abstract: Semi-insulating granular bed material in a spout inlet region of a spouted bed vessel between a draft tube and a portion of the vessel base section adjacent a fluid inlet is aligned along the force lines of an imposed localized electric field to thereby afford improved control over spout inlet conditions which affect processes carried out in the spouted bed device.

Abstract: Separation of particulates from a gaseous stream in a reverse flow cyclone separator is enhanced through the incorporation of a corona producing electrode in the cyclonic separation zone whereby particulates are first charged by the corona current and are subsequently displaced from the gaseous stream by the electrostatic forces generated by the electrode.

Abstract: Variable control is achieved over processes involving the spouting of magnetizable granular material in a draft tube-equipped spouted bed device through the application of a localized magnetic field in a spout inlet region of the device between an inlet of the draft tube and a portion of the device interior surface adjacent an associated fluid inlet.