Abstract: Methods of selecting fish for breeding and optimum growth in conditions of various salinity are disclosed. Fish are selected for growth in specific salinity based on their prolactin 1 genotype. A simple sequence repeat polymorphism (microsatellite) in the tilapia prolactin (prl 1) promoter is associated with differences in prl 1 expression and differences in growth in “salt-challenged” or “salt-effected” fishes. This discovery suggests that dinucleotide microsatellites may represent an under-appreciated source of genetic variation for regulatory evolution, and belie the textbook interpretation that non-coding microsatellite length variation lacks functional consequences.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a reversible carbohydrate (glycan) trap, methods and system for preparing the trap and use of the trap in preparing and trapping glycans for the study of carbohydrate structure. The device and methods assist in the structural characterization of glycans. The method traps and purifies carbohydrate structures at improved sensitivities, thereby enhancing the accuracy of a tissue or cell's complete carbohydrate composition, the glycome, (vis-à-vis proteome). Most basically, the trap device covalently binds activated glycosyl residues on a polymer specifically prepared to contain aldehydic functional groups. The trap material is formed from a carbohydrate polymer, preferably dextran, which is oxidized with periodate to introduce aldehydic groups. The oxidized dextran polymer is packable into separation colulmns or micro-tips for use as the glycan trap.

Abstract: A condensing gas boiler, which recollects condensed latent heat by uptrend combustion, is provided. Latent heat exchangers are disposed in the same area as that of a combustion chamber, and perpendicular with the combustion chamber. An exhaust gas guiding member is installed so that the exhaust gas is collected into a place in the rear portion of a latent heat portion to then pass through the latent heat exchangers. The latent heat exchangers are installed slantly in such a manner that re-absorption of the condensed latent heat can be done in the latent heat exchangers under the optimal condition. Thus, the condensing gas boiler, which recollects condensed latent heat by uptrend combustion, can realize a product of a high efficiency, lightness and compactness.