Abstract: A screen has been designed to genetically engineer microbial pathogens so that expression of specific genes can be regulated in vitro and during host infection to facilitate the identification of bacterial genes essential for maintaining an infection. Specifically, gene regulatory elements which respond to the presence or absence of tetracycline are used to regulate the expression of endogenous bacterial genes. Because tetracycline is not normally present in animals, a tetracycline-regulated microbial gene can be controlled in vivo by adding or removing tetracycline from the infected animals' diet.

Abstract: The invention features quaternary ammonium compounds of formula I, described herein, and their use in treating asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, allergic rhinitis, and infectious rhinitis.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I are hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors, and are useful in therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of persons infected with hepatitis C virus

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for chemoselective oxidation of an organic compound comprising several potentially oxidizable groups whereof at least one is a nitrogen group. Said method is characterised in that it consists in using at least a protic solvent, which is a good donor of hydrogen bonds, enabling to limit N-oxidation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula wherein R1, R3, R5 and A are defined as in the specification, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their medicinal use. The compounds of the invention are useful in the treatment of inflammation and other inflammation associated disorders, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, colon cancer and Alzheimer's disease, in mammals (preferably humans, dogs, cats and livestock).

Abstract: This invention relates to therapeutic methods for treatment or prevention of tissue damage resulting from ischemia in mammals.

Abstract: This invention is directed to sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitory compounds of the formula I, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in the specification. This invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions containing those compounds and methods of treating or preventing diabetic complications, particularly diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic microangiopathy, diabetic macroangiopathy and diabetic cardiomyopathy by administering such compounds to a mammal suffering from diabetes and therefore at risk for developing such complications. This invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a combination of compound of formula I of this invention with an aldose reductase inhibitor and to methods of treating or preventing diabetic complications therewith.

Abstract: This application is directed to compounds useful as inhibitors of PDE4 in the treatment of diseases regulated by the activation and degranulation of eosinophils, especially asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructuive pulmonary disease, of the formula: where Y is ?C(R1a)— or —[N?(O)k]— where k is 0 or 1; G1 is a saturated or unsaturated carbon ring system that is a 3- to 7-membered monocyclic, or that is a 7- to 12-membered, fused polycyclic; provided that G1 is not a discontinuous or restricted biaryl moiety as defined under G2; where optionally one carbon atom may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from N, O, and S; where optionally a second carbon atom thereof, and further optionally a third carbon atom thereof may be replaced by N; -G2 is a saturated or unsaturated carbon ring system that is a 3- to 7-membered monocyclic; or that is a 7- to 12-membered, fused polycyclic; or that is a 7- to 18-membered discontinuous or restricted biaryl moiety; wherein for each of the carbon ring systems re

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of Formula I: wherein m1 is 0 or 1; m2 is 1 or 2; R1 is —H, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or phenyl; R2 is —H, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or phenyl, provided that when m1 is 1 at least one of R1 and R2 is —H; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical composition, a pure enantiomer or racemic mixture thereof. The invention also provides a method for treating a disease or condition in a mammal, wherein the ?7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is implicated and for treating diseases where there is a sensory-gating deficit in a mammal comprising administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I. These compounds may be in the form of pharmaceutical salts or compositions, and may be in pure enantiomeric form or may be racemic mixtures.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula 1 and to pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein A, X, R1, R3 and R4 are as defined herein. The invention also relates to methods of treating abnormal cell growth in mammals by administering the compounds of formula 1 and to pharmaceutical compositions for treating such disorders which contain the compounds of formula 1. The invention also relates to methods of preparing the compounds of formula 1.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the formula and to pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R10 are as defined herein. The compounds of formula 1 are antibacterial and antiprotozoal agents that may be used to treat various bacterial and protozoal infections and disorders related to such infections. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of formula 1, methods of treating bacterial and protozoal infections by administering the compounds of formula 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydrazinyl and nitrogen oxide pyrazoles of the formula I: wherein the ring of the formula (R5)-A-(SOmR4), m, X, R1 through R5 are as defined in the specification, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their medicinal use. The compounds of the invention are useful in the treatment or alleviation of inflammation and other inflammation associated disorders, such as arthritis, colon cancer and Alzheimer's disease in mammals, preferably humans, dogs, cats and livestock animals.

Abstract: The present invention provides ?3-adrenergic receptor agonists of structural Formula (I) as well as pharmaceutical formulations thereof and methods for treating ?3-adrenergic receptor-mediated diseases, conditions, or disorders using such compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel crystalline diphosphate salt of (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[[2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-o-methyl-4-C-[(propylamino)methyl]-?-L-ribo-hexopryanosyl]oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,8,10,12,14-hexamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-?-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one that is useful as an antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent in mammals. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the free base of the diphosphate salt and the methods of treating bacterial and protozoal infections in mammals by administering the free base of the diphosphate to mammals requiring such treatment. The free base of the diphosphate salt of the present invention possesses potent activity against various bacterial and protozoal infections when given by parenteral application to mammals.

Abstract: This invention relates to cycloalkylpyrrole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives and heterocycloalkylpyrrole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives that bind with high selectively and/or high affinity to the benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptors. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and to the use of such compounds in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. This invention also relates to the use of these cycloalkylpyrrole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives and heterocycloalkylpyrrole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives in combination with one or more other CNS agents to potentiate the effects of the other CNS agents. Additionally this invention relates to the use such compounds as probes for the detection of GABAA receptors in tissue samples.

Abstract: The invention features methods and compositions for treating ocular infections. The method comprises topically administering to an eye of an animal in need of such treatment an ocular infection-treating amount of azithromycin.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted aromatic polycyclic tertiary-heteroalkylamine compounds useful as inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP; plasma lipid transfer protein-I) and compounds, compositions and methods for treating atherosclerosis and other coronary artery diseases.

Abstract: This invention relates to a powder for oral suspension, and an oral suspension made therefrom, which comprises a n-propanol solvate of non-dihydrate azithromycin and an azithromycin conversion stabilizing excipient, wherein said excipient reduces the conversion of the form of azithromycin, when placed in suspension, to another form of azithromycin. This invention also relates to an oral suspension which comprises a n-propanol solvate of non-dihydrate azithromycin and an aqueous vehicle.

Abstract: This invention relates to dihydroxyhexanoic acid derivatives and their intermediates, as well as to methods of preparing such compounds. Additionally, present invention relates to removing a protecting group from a protected amine wherein the method comprises reacting the protected amine with phosphoric acid.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of Formula I: These compounds may be in the form of pharmaceutical salts or compositions, may be in pure enantiomeric form or racemic mixtures, and are useful in pharmaceuticals to treat conditions or diseases in which ?7 is known to be involved.