Abstract: A baking oven having a baking chamber preferably divided into a plurality of baking compartments disposed in a vertical stack separated from one another by a deck and enclosed by a cabinet having an access door. Each such deck comprises top and bottom plates with a space therebetween and a heating element therein spaced from said plates. The deck is provided with a narrow vent to said space across its width adjacent the access door. A sensing bulb or other temperature sensing means of a thermostat is located in the said space with the sensing tip of the sensing means being substantially at said vent. The top surface of the bottom plate is selectively blackened and the heating element is located to provide progressively less heating toward the back of the baking compartments. The top side of the baking chamber is defined by a like deck and the bottom side of the baking chamber is defined by a similar deck which does not have a blackened lower plate.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an engine installation using marine water as a coolant and having an intake conduit system for drawing marine water to the engine including a strainer at the inlet and a filter between the strainer and the water pump. To clean the filter and strainer which periodically becomes clogged with foreign matter while the engine is operating, a valve mechanism is provided between the filter and the water pump which is operative to close the conduit to the pump and to admit compressed air to the filter side of the valve mechanism for a short time to blow back the clogging material from the filter and strainer to the sea. In a semi-automatic embodiment the valve mechanism is a solenoid operated 3-way valve which is preferably operated from the pilot house for a short interval of about 10 seconds when the boat operator observes an above normal engine temperature.

Abstract: An improved water hammer suppressor which is generally in the form of a first vertical tube closed at its upper end connected into a water distribution piping system at its reduced lower end portion and which in normal operation eventually becomes water logged and must be drained. To facilitate efficient draining of the device when the piping system is drained, a second smaller diameter tube is attached to the tube wall in the reduced diameter portion which extends from the outer end thereof into the main larger diameter portion thereof so as to enter the liquid held therein and cause draining thereof from the suppressor.

Abstract: Conventional cupola apparatus and its operation are modified by suppressing the entrance of external air to the cupola and replacing the nitrogen component of the air injected into the conventional cupola with a recycled fraction of the cupola gas consisting substantially of CO and CO.sub.2 withdrawn from the cupola at a point above the melting zone and replacing the oxygen component of the air with externally supplied substantially pure oxygen. The remaining fraction of the cupola gas is exhausted from the cupola system. When the cupola is thusly operated on a steady state basis, a balance is maintained so that the atomic amount of the oxygen exhausted from the system is equal to the atomic amount of the injected oxygen.

Abstract: A device and method for nodularizing cast iron which includes a funnel like portion including a mixing chamber having a tangential inlet which is operative to cause molten metal admitted to the chamber to assume a swirling configuration or vortex and a barrier portion positioned in the path of the swirling stream which is operative to cause the swirling stream to fold over itself and to promote mixing of the nodularization additive deposited into the vortex of the swirling metal.

Abstract: A bearing comprising a steel backing with a porous matrix composition comprising 1/2 to 6 percent by weight sulfur, 0 to 60 percent copper, and the balance iron which is impregnated with babbitt.

Abstract: This invention comprises a method for manufacturing elastomeric high pressure hose having reinforcement in the form of braided or spiral wrapped textile yarns between extruded inner and outer elastomeric layers. The method includes the steps of extruding the inner elastomeric layer over a long flexible mandrel up to about 1000 ft in length coextensively therewith, then progressively freezing portions of the layer and braiding or spiral wrapping a textile reinforcement thereover. The layer is frozen to prevent extrusion of the inner layer during the braiding. Thereafter additional elastomeric and textile layers are applied and the elastomers are vulcanized in an elongated continuous vulcanizer.

Abstract: Aging hot rolled nitrogenized low carbon steel is treated to produce a material having a level of ductility during forming and a yield strength after forming which is comparable to the 80,000 psi yield strength hot rolled low alloy (HSLA) steels. The method includes the steps of (1) rapidly heating the steel within the alpha plus gamma region of the appropriate phase diagram for the steel and quenching; (2) tempering for example at about 400.degree.F. for about 2 minutes and cooling; (3) deforming at least 2 percent, and (4) aging to develop the 80,000 psi yield strength.