Abstract: Disclosed are 4-substituted and 7-substituted indoles, benzofurans, benzothiophenes, benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles, and benzothiazoles. Also disclosed are methods for making 4-substituted and 7-substituted indoles, benzofurans, benzothiophenes, benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles, and benzothiazoles, including those having the formulae. The methods include contacting a 4-substituted-6,7-dihydro indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, or benzothiazole compound or a 7-substituted-4,5-dihydro indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, or benzothiazole compound with a vinyldiazo compound in the presence of a dirhodium catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds having the formula: wherein R21 is an alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, hydroxy, or amino group or a halogen atom; wherein R2 is hydrogen or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, or amino group; wherein R23 and R24 are independently selected from hydrogen, an alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, hydroxy, or amino group, and a halogen atom or wherein R23 and R24, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are bound, form a ring; wherein R25 is hydrogen, an alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, hydroxy, or O-silyl group or a halogen atom; wherein Z, taken together with the carbons to which it is bonded, forms a 5-12 membered ring; and wherein Y is an electron withdrawing group. These compounds can be used to prepare erogorgiaene congeners, such as erogorgiaene, pseudopterosin A, helioporin E, pseudopteroxazole, colombiasin A, elisapoterosin B, elisabethadione, p-benzoquinone natural products, ileabethin, sinulobtain B, sinulobtain C, and sinulobtain D.

Abstract: A composition for human or animal consumption for supplying folate which includes a natural isomer of reduced folate, such as (6S)-tetrahydrofolic acid. 5-methyl-(6S)-tetrahydrofolic acid, 5-formyl-(6S)-tetrahydrofolic acid, 10-formyl-(6R)-tetrahydrofolic acid, 5,10-methylene-(6R)-tetrahydrofolic acid, 5,10-methenyl-(6R)-tetrahydrofolic acid, 5-formimino-(6S)-tetrahydrofolic acid, and their polyglutamyl derivatives is disclosed. Such compositions include multivitamin preparations (with or without minerals and other nutrients); breakfast foods such as prepared cereals, toaster pastries and breakfast bars; infant formulas; dietary supplements and complete diet and weight-loss formulas and bars; animal feed (for example pet foods) and animal feed supplements (such as for poultry feed). The amount of the natural isomer of a reduced folate in a composition for human consumption can range between about 5% and about 200% of the daily requirement for folic acid per serving or dose.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an isolated peptide that functionally mimics a binding site for a monoclonal antibody, the monoclonal antibody recognizing an epitope within the human platelet glycoprotein Ib/IX complex. This peptide is called a mimotope. The invention also provides an isolated molecule capable of binding to the peptide, or the mimotope, which molecule can be an antibody, a second peptide, a carbohydrate, a DNA molecule, an RNA molecule, or other naturally or chemically synthesized molecules. This isolated molecule is called an anti-mimotope. Mimotopes mimicking the binding site for monoclonal antibody C-34 and SZ-2, as well as anti-mimotopes to the C-34 mimotopes, are specifically provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions which include an isolated soft tissue from Modiolus modiolus (“MM”) and compositions which include an oil isolated from MM or a portion thereof. Also disclosed are methods of treating adenocarcinoma in a subject; methods of decreasing proliferation of adenocarcinoma cells, or of inducing apoptosis of adenocarcinoma cells, or of inducing differentiation of adenocarcinoma cells into non-cancerous cells; methods of inhibiting the activity of 5-lipoxygenase or 12-lipoxygenase or both in cells; and methods of treating a subject suffering from a disease or condition associated with excessive 5-lipoxygenase activity or 12-lipoxygenase activity or both. A process for preparing an MM extract by contacting MM or a portion thereof with a solvent under conditions effective to extract one or more materials from the MM or portion thereof is also described.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds having the following formula: in which Z11 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted saturated adamantyl or other polycyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted branched acyclic group containing at least 5 carbon atoms at least one of which is a tertiary carbon; and in which Z12 is a cyclic imide. Methods of using these compounds as chiral catalysts for carbenoid reactions and for enantioselective C—H aminations are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a substantially pure human or rabbit 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to dicyanomethylenedihydrofuran-based electron acceptors which can be used in the preparation of polymeric thin films for waveguide media, and methods of making the same.