Abstract: The present invention concerns a method to detect the presence of an enzyme in in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell, which method comprises: (a) obtaining a tissue or cell sample to be analyzed; (b) contacting the tissue or cell sample with a substrate of the structure selected from the group consisting of: X=H or one or more natural or synthetic amino acids with or without amino blocking groups, Y=H or one or more natural or synthetic amino acids with or without amino blocking groups, wherein X and Y are the same or different and are amino acid sequences of between about 1 to 1,000,000 amino acids wherein each amino acid is the same or a different amino acid, with the proviso that at least one of X or Y is at least one amino acid; (c) when an enzyme is present in the tissue or cell sample which degrades X, Y and combinations thereof, fluorescent cresyl violet is released in the tissue sample producing a color change; (d) detecting the presence and amount of the enzyme pres

Abstract: A four corner bag constructed of flexible thermoplastic sheet or film material having overlying front and rear wall panels and a bottom sealed end. The upper portion of the bag includes a first closure region terminating in a top sealed end, a second closure region disposed inwardly of the top sealed end, and a perforated seal or tear strip extending across the width of the bag and located between the first and second closure regions. The second closure region includes an inner heat seal which extends approximately halfway across the width of the bag and a reclosable fastener which extends the remaining distance across the bag. In one embodiment, the inner heat seal is oriented transversely across the bag while the reclosable fastener is upwardly angled so that it forms a natural pour spout during use. In other embodiments, the reclosable fastener is transversely oriented while the inner heat seal is angled.

Abstract: A water soluble derivative of buckministerfullerene (C60) having antiviral and virucidal properties is used to inhibit human retroviral replication and infections. The derivatized fullerene is symmetrically substituted with polar organic moieties containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally further containing oxygen or nitrogen.

Abstract: Fabrication techniques for an integrated sputtering target assembly include pressure assisted bonding of soldered layers of material, in particular, soldering of the target material to its backing plate; pressure assisted curing of structural adhesives used to join a finned cover plate to a backing plate which between them form passages for fluid cooling; and bonding an electrical insulating layer to the back surface of the backing plate. The pressure to assist in bonding is typically applied by an autoclave. The cooling fluid passages disposed between a cover and a finned backing plate can be sealed by using laser welding or electron beam welding rather than closing the cooling passages with structural adhesives.

Abstract: The method comprises forming a dry preunit including a stack of cells. Each cell is formed by placing sequentially a conductive support sheet coated on one or both sides with a porous conductive material except at the perimeter edge surfaces, an ion permeable or semi-permeable space separator, a gasket, at least one hollow capillary tube having a melting point higher than the gasket material. Upon heating the gasket material flows, adheres to, and seals the edges of the stack creating a solid integral stack of layers of alternating electrically conductive sheet coated with a porous electrically conducting material and a separator. The gasket material creates a continuous integral external polymer enclosure having hollow capillary tubes. After an electrolyte is introduced into the preunit, the capillary tubes are sealed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process to aminate electrophilic aromatic compounds by vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen using quaternary hydrazinium salts. The use of trialkylhydrazinium halide, e.g., trimethylhydrazinium iodide, as well as hydroxylamine, alkoxylamines, and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole to produce aminated aromatic structures, such as 1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (DATB), 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) and 3,5-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (DATNT), is described. DATB and TATB are useful insensitive high explosives. TATB is also used for the preparation of benzenehexamine, a starting material for the synthesis of novel materials (optical imaging devices, liquid crystals, ferromagnetic compounds).

Abstract: A prepolymer composition for producing polyurethane insulating foams from pressure tanks which consists of a prepolymer component with at least one PU prepolymer with a content of NCO groups of 4 to 20 wt % and usual additives, as well as a propellant component, with a content of 0.01 to 2 wt %, based on the prepolymer component, of polybutadiene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method to produce an electrical storage device having useful characteristics such as higher charge density, small volume, long-term reliable charge/discharge cycles, low leakage current, and the like. The dry preunit has useful properties in that it can be stored for long periods prior to contact with a non-aqueous or aqueous electrolyte. When the electrode surfaces are contacted with a non-aqueous or aqueous electrolyte, the novel capacitors produced are useful as a portable power supply in applications such as in defibrillator, electrical vehicles, radiotelephones etc.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process to produce a high surface area niobium oxynitride, tantalum oxynitride, vanadium oxynitride, zirconium oxynitride, titanium oxynitride or molybdenum oxynitride coated substrate for use as an electrical energy storage component in a capacitor or a battery configuration.

Abstract: The invention discloses fluorescent chelator compounds that are especially useful to monitor and measure cytosolic concentrations of alkali metal cations such as Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, and Li.sup.+. The new compounds are comprised of: (1) crown ethers (that may or may not have substituent groups attached to the core carbons, but will always contain at least one core nitrogen) that are linked via the core nitrogen(s) to at least one (2) fluorophore that contains an additional heteroaromatic liganding center. In the currently preferred dye, SBFI, the core compound is crown ether 1,7-diaza-4,10,13-trioxacyclopentadecane and the heteroaromatic fluorophores are benzofurans that are linked to isophthalate groups. Selectivities for Na.sup.+ over K.sup.+ of about 20 are observed, resulting in effective dissociation constants for Na.sup.+ of about 20 mM against a background of 120 mM K.sup.+. Increasing ?Na.sup.

Abstract: An process for forming a product which may be in a liquid phase is disclosed wherein a first reactant, preferably a liquid reactant, is directly fed into a reaction zone containing mixing elements and which comprises a first compartment of a reactor. A second reactant, which is maintained at a higher pressure, is fed into a second compartment of the reactor separated from the first compartment by a porous wall. The second reactant passes through this porous wall into the reaction zone to react with the first reactant. The process thereby controls rates of the reactions and the exothermic heats generated by the reactions. Pulsatile flow in one or both reaction compartments improves mixing. An evaporator for a portion of the product improves product quality and permits higher reaction temperatures in the reactor.