Abstract: An information retrieval system for storing and searching Markush formulations is described. All implicit specific structures (ISSRs) of the Markush formulation are stored as a specific multiple-connectivity node representation (SpMCN) by allowing the appropriate atoms to expand beyond their normal valance and accommodate all substituents of the Markush structure. The SpMCN is simplified by using a generic group hierarchy to reduce common structural features to an associated generic multi-connectivity node representation (GnMCN) that contains within it implicit generic structures (IGSRs) corresponding to each ISSR. Attributes such as ring size and hetero atom identification are also associated with each generic feature whenever possible. The SpMCN and GnMCN are further simplified by storing their associated structural characteristics as bit strings.

Abstract: A die used for plastic injection molding is masked on its inner surface with a plating resist to leave only a selected area exposed. A conforming anode is fit into the die leaving a small clearance between the die cavity surface and the anode. A metal layer is electroplated onto the exposed mold surfaces of the die in less than a minute by using a high current density and a turbulent flow of electroplating solution. The die is then assembled with a second die to form a mold. A plastic molding composition is injected into the mold cavity and comes in contact with and adheres to the metal electroplate more tightly than the metal electroplate adheres to the surface of the mold member. As the mold is separated, the metal electroplate remains bonded to the plastic molding composition to form a metal-clad plastic article. Adhesion between the metal electroplate and the plastic can be improved by forming nodular growths on the metal electroplate.

Abstract: A method of forming and reading a hologram, useful for instance as a lens, is disclosed which eliminates chromatic aberrations usually present when a hologram is recorded using light of a higher frequency than that for which the hologram is to be used on reconstruction. The fringes created by the interference of two beams of radiation at the recording frequency in a first medium are transferred to a recording second medium by virtue of the second medium having a surface contiguous to the fringes in the first medium. The second medium is then developed to produce a hologram. A reconstruction beam from a laser having a lower frequency than that of the recording beams is directed at a third medium which is contiguous to a surface of the hologram so as to cause the wavelength of the read-out beam to equal that of the recording beams.

Abstract: Apparatus (10) for obtaining fluorescence laser EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure). A lens (12) directs a pulse of radiant energy (13) onto a metal target (15) to produce X-rays (16). A baffle (17) directs the X-rays (16) onto a spectral-dispersive monochromator (18) which directs the spectrally-resolved X-rays (16R) therefrom onto a sample (11). Fluorescence X-rays (27) from the sample (11) strike a phosphor (26) on a grid (19). Emitted light (21) from the phosphor (26) corresponds spatially to the spectral resolution of the X-rays (16R). Emitted light intensity at a point along the spatial distribution corresponds to the absorption characteristics of the sample (11) at a particular wavelength of the incoming X-rays (16R). An imaging lens (20) directs the emitted light (21) onto photographic film or an array detector (22).