Abstract: A method for transmission of data in a digital audio broadcasting system includes the steps of providing a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexed sub-carriers, with the sub-carriers including data sub-carriers and reference sub-carriers, and modulating the data sub-carriers with a digital signal representative of information to be transmitted. The reference sub-carriers are modulated with a sequence of timing bits, wherein the sequence of timing bits includes an unambiguous block synchronization word, and the number of bits comprising the block synchronization word is less than one half of the number of bits in said timing sequence. Then the orthogonal frequency division multiplexed sub-carriers are transmitted. Receivers that differentially detect the block synchronization word and use the block synchronization word to coherently detect the digital signal representative of information to be transmitted are also included.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition and method of preserving organs comprising exposing said organs to a preservation solution that includes at least an inhibitor or quencher of peroxynitrite. In its most easily formulated embodiment the present invention is a modified Wisconsin solution which includes the inhibitor or quencher as described herein.

Abstract: The system for recovering symbol timing offset and carrier frequency error from an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signal includes a receiver circuit for receiving an OFDM modulated signal representing a series of OFDM symbols, and providing a received signal to an output thereof. A peak development circuit is included for developing a signal having a plurality of signal peaks representing symbol boundary positions for each received OFDM symbol, where each of the signal peaks is developed responsive to an amplitude and phase correspondence produced between the leading and trailing portions of each of the received OFDM symbols. The system includes a circuit for enhancing the signal peak detectability, which includes a circuit for additively superimposing and then filtering the signal peaks, to produce an enhanced signal peak having an improved signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: An improved shopping cart with a floating basket: The basket is moveable in response to downward and/or lateral forces applied against the basket. The ability of the basket to move in response to such forces reduces the tendency for the shopping cart to tip over. In one embodiment, at least a portion of the shopping cart basket moves downward as the basket is loaded. In another embodiment, the shopping cart basket pivots upon application of a lateral force to the basket. A further embodiment combines both the vertical movement and pivoting movement of the basket.

Abstract: A method of estimating SNR for a plurality of carriers modulated with digital information, wherein the digital information includes data baud and training baud, comprising the steps of: receiving the plurality of carriers; determining a first SNR for the data baud; determining a second SNR for the training baud; comparing at least one of the first and second SNRs to predetermined selection criteria; and selecting one of the first and said second SNRs based on the comparison step. In the preferred embodiment, the carriers are processed to produce an equalizer output for each of the carriers, and the equalizer output is processed to produce a symbol decision for each of the carriers. The equalizer output is subtracted from the symbol decision when a data baud is received to produce a first difference value, and the first difference value is squared to produce a first signal to noise estimate.

Abstract: The present invention provides perpendicular recording media having a soft magnetic underlayer and magnetic regions which generate an external magnetic field in the soft magnetic underlayer. The soft magnetic underlayer is brought into a substantially single-domain state by the magnetic field, thereby reducing or eliminating unwanted noise in the soft underlayer. In a preferred embodiment, the recording medium includes a ring-shaped soft magnetic underlayer positioned between concentric ring-shaped magnetic regions.

Abstract: An optical data storage system 100 utilizes optical fibers 102 for transfer of information to and from storage media 107. The storage media 107 comprises magneto-optical storage disks. The optical fibers 102 are low-birefringence optical fibers. As compared to the prior art, a polarization state conveyed by the optical fiber 102 is accurately reproduced with reduced noise.

Abstract: A method for digital audio broadcasting comprises the steps of providing a plurality of bits of digital information to be transmitted, interleaving the bits of digital information into a plurality of partitions, forward error correcting the bits of digital information using a combination of pragmatic trellis code modulation and complementary punctured code, and transmitting the bits of digital information. The partitions include a main partition, a backup partition, an upper partition, and a lower partition, wherein the upper partition and lower partition are non-overlapping. The main partition overlaps both of the upper and lower partitions and the backup partition overlaps both of the upper and lower partitions. The interleaved bits comprise a core interleaver and an enhancement interleaver.

Abstract: A recording head for use with magnetic recording media includes a current perpendicular to plane (CPP) type giant magnetoresistive (GMR) read element, with the alternating magnetic and nonmagnetic layers within the GMR read element either perpendicular or angled to the read head's shields. This structure maximizes the number of alternating layers within the GMR read element, and minimizes the area available for flow of the test current. Both total resistance of the GMR element, and the change in resistance as a function of changes in magnetic flux, relative to total resistance, are thereby increased. The sensitivity of the GMR read element is thereby increased, permitting storage of information within magnetic recording media at greater densities. The invention also includes a method of manufacturing a read head using such a GMR element.

Abstract: A system for combining AM and FM transmissions. In-band, on-channel, FM Digital Audio Broadcast (IBOC FM-DAB) allows simultaneous transmission of DAB and FM over existing FM allocations without interfering with conventional analog FM signals. The utility of existing FM spectrum allocations is therefore enhanced.

Abstract: A writer for perpendicular recording on bilayer media with suppressed skew angle effect on the width of the recorded track is disclosed. The writer has a wide and flat trailing edge and a narrow leading edge. In a preferred embodiment, the pole has a trapezoidal cross-section. To suppress the skew effect on the width of the recorded track, the slope angle of the pole sides may be greater than the maximum skew angle in a drive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-invasive device for measuring physiological processes. More particularly, it concerns a device that can be applied externally to the body of an animal or human to detect and quantify displacement, force, motion, vibration and acoustic effects resulting from internal biological functions. Specifically, an inexpensive device is disclosed that is compact, light, portable and comfortable, and operates satisfactorily even with imprecise location on the body, ambient noise, motion and light.

Abstract: A lithography method combines both high gap resolution and high processing speed. An electron beam sensitive resist is applied to a substrate, followed by a photoresist. The undesired portions of the photoresist are removed through photolithography. An electron beam flood exposure or oxygen ashing is used to remove those portions of the electron beam sensitive resist not protected by the photoresist. An optical flood is used to remove the remaining photoresist. Electron beam lithography is then used to define narrow gaps within the remaining electron beam sensitive resist.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed in which alkanes such as butane are used to degrade pollutants such as tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and carbon tetrachloride (CT) at contaminated sites. In a preferred embodiment, pollutant concentrations are reduced by injecting a butane substrate into a contaminated area to stimulate the growth of anaerobic butane-utilizing bacteria which degrade the pollutants. In addition to the anaerobic treatment, the area may optionally be treated aerobically by switching from anaerobic to aerobic conditions.

Abstract: A method for AM in-band-on-channel (IBOC) digital audio broadcasting (DAB) uses a center channel signal in a central frequency band of an AM radio channel, the center channel signal is modulated by first and second versions of the program material to be transmitted. Sub-carriers in a upper and lower sidebands of the AM radio channel are modulated with addition digitally encoded portions of the program material. The upper sideband lies within a frequency band extending from about +5 k Hz to about +10 kHz from a center frequency of the radio channel and the lower sideband lying within a frequency band extending from about −5 k Hz to about −10 kHz from the center frequency of the radio channel. The center channel signal the upper and lower sideband sub-carriers are transmitted to receivers.

Abstract: A method of demodulation and equalization is used to process an amplitude modulated compatible digital broadcasting signal including an amplitude modulated radio frequency signal having a first carrier modulated by an analog program signal in a first frequency spectrum, a plurality of digitally modulated carrier signals positioned within a bandwidth which encompasses the first frequency spectrum, a first group of the digitally modulated carrier signals including complementary carrier signals and lying within the first frequency spectrum, and second and third groups of the digitally modulated carrier signals including non-complementary carrier signals and lying outside of the first frequency spectrum.

Abstract: A retrofit for an actuator element in a railway track lubricating apparatus for applying lubricant to a rail of a railway track includes a housing with a chamber, an enclosure block, a spacer element for occupying the space in existing actuator elements, a T-shaped plunger with a base adjacent a coil spring, and an actuator stem movable in a bore in the top of the housing, and wherein the stem is supported by and in sealed communication with a bushing that is placed within the cavity of the bore. A hydraulic fluid inlet opening is located at the bottom of the housing and a hydraulic fluid outlet opening is located at the top of the housing. A second embodiment provides an actuator element for use in new lubricating systems whereby the actuator element is mounted onto the rail and does not involve a spacer element in the chamber of the actuator element.

Abstract: A ventilatory support system which controls the flow of breathing gas to a patient based on the physiological requirements of the patient is disclosed. Gas pressure in the trachea of the patient is measured, and the delivery of breathing gas to the patient is controlled based on the sensed gas pressure. Depending on the physiological needs of the patient, a tracheal gas pressure limit and a breathing gas flow rate value are established. When the tracheal gas pressure limit is reached, the flow of breathing gas is reduced or terminated. The flow of breathing gas is resumed, for example, after a delay period, or after the tracheal gas pressure falls to a predetermined level.

Abstract: Solid phase methods for the identification of an analyte in a biological medium, such as a body fluid, using bioluminescence are provided. A chip designed for performing the method and detecting the bioluminescence is also provided. Methods employing biomineralization for depositing silicon on a matrix support are also provided. A synthetic synapse is also provided.