Abstract: Compositions for the gel electrophoresis separation of conformational isomers of nucleic acids and agarose compositions useful in such compositions. The compositions use compositions comprising: at least one aqueous gel which is at least one highly derivatized agarose derivatized sufficiently to reduce its gelling temperature (Tg) to below 17.degree. C., present in 40 wt % or more based upon the gel total weight, in admixture with at least one high gel-strength polysaccharide aqueous gel other than polyacrylamide in a balance to 100% total gel weight; and an electrophoretic buffer, present in an electrophoretic buffer--effective amount. The invention compositions comprise at least one aqueous gel comprising at least one agarose derivatized sufficiently to reduce its gelling temperature (Tg) to below 9.degree. C.

Abstract: A reduced calorie sandwich cookie wherein the weight percent of fat and/or oil of the cookie filler is reduced by at least one quarter and replaced by a predominantly non-caloric bulking agent having a water absorptivity of 200% or less while maintaining the water activity of the entire filler at from 0.2 to 0.7.

Abstract: Substantially dry, rehydratable, water-dispersible, gel-forming, porous hydrocolloid microparticulates containing internally or internally and externally at least one water-soluble, non-gelling, hydration enhancing hydrocolloid, processes and intermediates for their preparation, and their uses.

Abstract: A stabilizer composition useful for frozen desserts contains a water soluble hydrocolloid and microcrystalline cellulose coprocessed with an alginate salt complex. The method of using the stabilizer composition provides good resistance to heat shock in frozen desserts. The frozen desserts containing the stabilizer system, including such products with less than five percent fat, exhibit resistance to heat shock and good textural characteristics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a centrifuge tube containing a porous selection means for selectively separating and recovering biological substances from gels, broths, or solutions containing the same, and thus concentrating them, the tube comprising separate upper and lower containers and means for joining the two containers to form a unitary device, the bottom of the upper container comprising a porous selection means, preferably a membrane containing a particulate substance which will selectively bind the biological substances while allowing unbound substances to pass through from the upper to lower container while being centrifuged.

Abstract: A rapidly hydratable konjac flour is disclosed which is distinguishable from native konjac flour in that it gains at least 60% of its potential peak viscosity within 10 minutes after dispersal into water at 25.degree. C., at least 80% of its potential peak viscosity within 20 minutes after dispersal into water at 25.degree. C., and from 80 to 100% of its potential peak viscosity within 30 minutes after dispersal into water at 25.degree. C. Methods for manufacturing rapidly hydratable konjac flour and uses for the inventive flour also are disclosed.

Abstract: A chocolate that contains a composite of surfactant/cellulose. The composite is made by the process of coprocessing the cellulose with a surfactant. The composite can be used as a bulking agent or functional formulary aid in low-moisture or in fat phase compositions.

Abstract: A composition comprising: (A) a coprecipitate consisting essentially of: (a) a galactomannan, with (b) a glucomannan; and (B) optionally, a gelling agent admixed with the formed coprecipitate. The inventive compositions are useful as the base for food products such as: a gelled or thickened food, a pourable salad dressing; a liquid food or food additive, a food spread such as a margarine or cheese spread, a water dessert gel, a mayonnaise, a frozen dessert, and the like.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising dry, water-dispersible, particles of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) coprocessed with a glucomannan. The particles are visually spheroidal, have an average size of about 0.1 to 100 microns, and about 60 to 99 wt % of the total solids of the coated particles comprises MCC. The invention also comprises a process for the manufacture of the inventive composition 1 comprising forming an intimate mixture consisting essentially of MCC and glucomannan in an aqueous medium under controlled agitation, drying the resulting flocculate, and recovering visually spheroidal water dispersible particles. The inventive compositions are useful as bulking agents and fat substitutes, and may have a lipophilic and/or hydrophilic material absorbed thereon.

Abstract: This invention relates to 1-(disubstituted carbamoyl or thiocarbamoyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl sulfonates and thiosulfonates of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and cycloalkynyl, or they may together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring, R.sup.3 is an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, aralkyl or aromatic heterocyclic group, X and Y are each independently oxygen or sulfur, and the agronomically acceptable acid addition salts and metal complexes thereof, compositions containing these compounds and their uses as herbicides.

Abstract: This invention relates to substituted and unsubstituted alpha-aryl-alpha-phenylethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-propanenitriles, their enantiomorphs, acid addition salts and metal salt complexes. These compounds, enantiomorphs, salts and complexes are highly active broad-spectrum systemic fungicides effective in controlling phytopathogenic fungi such as corn helminthosporium, barley helminthosporium, cucumber downy mildew, cucumber powdery mildew, cucumber anthracnose, botrytis, tomato early blight, tomato late blight, grape downy mildew, bean powdery mildew, peanut cercospora, rice blast, rice sheath blight, wheat leaf rust, wheat septoria nodorum, wheat powdery mildew and wheat stem rust. The invention also concerns a method of preparing alpha-aryl-alpha-triazolylmethylacetonitrile compounds by reacting an aryl-acetonitrile compound with a halomethyltriazole.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein x is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a trihalomethyl group, an alkyl group, or a cyano group,Y is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom,R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, or an optionally-substituted alkyl group, andR.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally-substituted alkyl group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can be taken together to form a heterocyclic ring,and compositions containing these compounds exhibit herbicidal activity.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of iodopropargyl compounds invention have the structure ##STR1## wherein A is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl, naphthyl or heterocyclyl; andZ is oxygen (O) or N--R;wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, or phenylalkyl as agricultural fungicides and to agricultural fungicidal compositions containing the iodopropargyl compounds.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein Q is substituted phenyl or substituted pyridyl; Y is nitro, cyano, or halogen; R is a group of the formula --(CHR.sup.1).sub.m --A--(CH.sup.2)--.sub.n --R.sup.3 wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently of each other and in each (CHR.sup.1) and (CHR.sup.2) group, are hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkoxy, or alkylthio; A is --N(R.sup.1)--, --N(O)--, --O--, --S--, --S(O)--, --S(O).sub.2 --, --C(O)--, --C(O)B--, or --N(H)S(O).sub.2 --; B is alkylene, --O--, --S--, or --N(R.sup.4)--; R.sup.3 is cyano, halogen, or C(O)Z; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl; Z is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, --N(R.sup.4).sub.2, --OR.sup.5, --SR.sup.5, or --N(R.sup.4)SO.sub.2 R.sup.6 ; R.sup.5 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, or an agronomically-acceptable cation; R.sup.

Abstract: 2,3 and 4-(2-cyano-2-arylethyl)pyridines of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl including dialkenyl, haloalkenyl, akynyl including alkynylalkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, halo(alkoxyalkyl), optionally substituted phenyl, phenylalkyl, phen(c.sub.2 -C.sub.4)alkenyl, phenoxyalkyl, a heterocyclic group selected from pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl and furyl or a heterocycloalkyl group wherein the heterocycle is pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolyl, tetrahydrofuryl, furyl, pyrazolyl or dioxalyl; and Ar is an optionally substituted phenyl or naphthyl group, are new compounds which are fungicidally active, particularly against phytopathogenic fungi.

Abstract: This invention relates to alpha-alkyl-alpha-(4-halophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-propanenitriles, their enantiomorphs, acid addition salts and metal salt complexes. These compounds, enantiomorphs, salts and complexes are highly active broad spectrum systemic fungicides effective in controlling phytopathogenicfungi such as barley spot blotch, grape, wheat and bean powdery mildews, grape downy mildew, rice blast, tomato and potato late blights and wheat stem rust.

Abstract: The herbicidal 4-trifluoromethyl-3'-substituted amino-4'-nitro diphenyl ethers comprise a class of compounds that are highly effective herbicides.

Abstract: This invention relates to alpha-(2-alkoxyphenyl)-alpha-alkyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-propanenitriles and derivatives, their enantiomorphs, acid addition salts and metal salt complexes. These compounds, enantiomorphs, salts and complexes are highly active broad-spectrum systemic fungicides effective in controlling phytopathogenic fungi such as barley helminthosporium, cucumber downy mildew, cucumber powdery mildew, grape downy mildew, peanut cercospora, rice blast, wheat powdery mildew and wheat stem rust. The compounds have protective and curative activity against rice blast when they are applied foliarly or systemically and have superior residual activity against rice blast via foliar application.

Abstract: Method for selectively controlling growth of undesirable monocotyledonous plants in an area containing growing undesirable monocotyledonous plants and an established cereal crop which comprises applying to said area an N-[2-(4(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridyloxy)phenoxy)propionyl]-(optionally alkyl substituted) isoxazolidine as described herein at a rate of application which controls growth of said undesirable plants and which does not significantly affect growth of said established cereal crop.

Abstract: Certain N-acetonylbenzamides exhibit low toxicity to plants are particularly useful for control of fungi, especially Phycomycetes.