Abstract: A process for increasing the amount of titanium dioxide in a titaniferous slag includes the rapid preheating of the slag in gases substantially void of free oxygen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning a succession of workpieces such as automobile engine blocks includes a first cleaning mechanism wherein cleaning media such as steel shot is directed against the workpieces. After being discharged from the first cleaning mechanism, the workpieces are inverted and passed through a second cleaning mechanism where cleaning media again is directed against the workpieces. In the second cleaning mechanism, the workpieces are separated so that the ends of the workpieces can be cleaned. The invention includes turning mechanisms for inverting the workpieces one-by-one, as well as devices for controlling the movement of the workpieces through the different cleaning and turning mechanisms.

Abstract: A feed system for a punch press includes a first clamping and advancing mechanism for gripping feed stock and moving it toward the press, and a second clamping and advancing mechanism for gripping the stock and conveying the stock away from the press. A controller causes the first clamping and advancing mechanism to be operated until a predetermined number of punching operations have been performed upon the stock while the second clamping and advancing mechanism remains inoperative. After the predetermined number has been attained, the second clamping and advancing mechanism is activated and punch operations continue until a second predetermined count has been attained. Thereafter, the stock is conveyed away from the press. The invention permits stock to be conveyed through the press very rapidly, and it prevents damage to the press by accurately determining the position of the stock relative to the press.