Abstract: Methods and apparatus for switching between scan patterns produced by a barcode scanner and for switching between allowing and inhibiting decoding of barcodes are disclosed. Depending on the position of a multiposition switch controlled by an operator, the scanner produces an omnidirectional scan pattern and immediately decodes barcodes falling within the field of view of the scanner, produces a single line scan pattern but inhibits decoding of barcodes until the switch is moved to a position to select allowing decoding of barcodes, or produces a single line scan pattern and immediately decodes barcodes falling within the field of view of the scanner. If the scanner has been set to decode barcodes using a single line scan pattern, a delay is imposed between the time the switch is set to select producing an omnidirectional scan pattern and the time at which the scanner begins to produce the omnidirectional scan pattern.

Abstract: A process control management and quality navigation are described which provides an intranet based approach to providing management with run and control charts for more effective tracking and management of quality related processes. The quality navigation system includes intuitive quality navigation. Data which formerly may have been redundantly collected and stored is now centrally stored and made available on a web site. The system automatically links top level indicators to core and sublevel process and quality outcome indicators. To this end, core processes, measures of quality and sources of data are identified. Data is collected and stored in a database. Hierarchical relationships of processes and subprocesses are established. Strengths of relationships of the linkages of processes and subprocesses are identified and stored. Indicators for strengths of relationship are stored and displayed within families of linked charts.

Abstract: A system for process control management and quality navigation is described which provides an intranet based approach to providing management with run and control charts for more effective tracking and management of quality related processes. The quality navigation system includes intuitive quality navigation. Data which formerly may have been redundantly collected and stored is now centrally stored and made available on a web site. The system automatically links top level indicators to core and sublevel process and quality outcome indicators. To this end, core processes, measures of quality and sources of data are identified. Data is collected and stored in a database. Hierarchical relationships of processes and subprocesses are established. Strengths of relationships of the linkages of processes and subprocesses are identified and stored. Indicators for strengths of relationship are stored and displayed within families of linked charts.

Abstract: A new motion estimation system and process for video compression is presented. The approach is computationally less expensive than typical spatial domain block matching algorithms. The search for matching blocks is performed in the frequency domain making extensive use of data already computed by the video encoding process. Moreover, additional good block matches can be recognized with this approach. A multi-tiered approach may be employed to combine the frequency domain analysis with existing spatial domain techniques.

Abstract: A timing and mirror position detector for use in a bar code scanner having a rotating optical assembly. The optical assembly is rotated by a motor which produces a fixed number of pulses per rotation, at least one of the pulses occurring each time the motor passes through a reference position as it rotates. The pulses are continuously monitored and counted. Elapsed time from the time a reference pulse occurs is accurately measured and correlated by a processor with events of interest. When an event of interest, such as a bar code scan, occurs, the timing and pulse count are evaluated and processed to determine the angle of rotation of the motor at the time the scan occurred.

Abstract: Techniques for super broadband operation of a long wavelength free-electron laser (FEL) on a non-relativistic electron beam are described. Because of the physical nature of the underlying instability, a frequency region within which amplification or generation of the electromagnetic waves occurs, ranges from frequencies slightly below to many times above the resonant FEL frequency. Therefore, in this regime, the device operating frequency is determined by the frequency characteristics of a device resonator and can be tuned over a wide range without changing the electron beam energy or wiggler period. The upper limit of the frequency band is imposed by the thermal spread in an electron beam. Although this regime cannot be understood (and, consequently, was not discovered) without using the relativistic equation of motion, the regime does not rely upon relativism of an electron beam. A non-relativistic implementation of this regime in a submillimeter/THz device is advantageously described.

Abstract: When a method for operating a reference speed judges that an ABS control is being executed, the method judges whether the ABS control is being executed to a front wheel or not. When the method judges that the ABS control is not executed to the front wheel, the method considers that the lifting of a rear wheel does not occur, and makes the reference speed follow the fastest wheel speed VRH. When the method judges that the ABS control is being executed to the front wheel, and further judges that a reference body deceleration is a predetermined value or more, the method considers that the lifting of the rear wheel has occurred, and makes the reference speed follow a speed VRM. The speed VRM is a wheel speed calculated in accordance with the following formula: VRM=&agr;VRL+(1−&agr;)VRH (0<&agr;<1), where &agr; character VRL indicates the slowest wheel speed, and a character &agr; indicates a default.

Abstract: By a method for detecting an output-stuck fault of a car body acceleration sensor, an absolute value of a relative difference between the logical car body acceleration operated on the basis of a wheel speed and the physical car body acceleration output from a car body acceleration sensor is obtained, and the obtained absolute value of the relative difference is compared with a first rated value. When the absolute value of the relative difference exceeds the first rated value, a fail counter is made to start to count up at that point of time. When a counted value of the fail counter exceeds one second during the absolute value of the relative difference is exceeding the first rated value, the difference of the maximum value and the minimum value of the physical car body acceleration during the period is compared with a second rated value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for authenticating data stored in semiconductor memory cells. A reference fingerprint representing trapped charges in memory cells of a semiconductor device is created. Data is written to selected cells of the semiconductor device. After the data is written, the levels of trapped charges in the selected cells is determined by performing a series of read operations using progressively greater read thresholds. The level of trapped charges in a memory cell is identified by noting the voltage threshold at which the memory cell is read as a digital “1”. Once the levels of trapped charges of the memory cells are identified, a reference fingerprint is created to identify the semiconductor device. The reference fingerprint may be stored on the semiconductor device or on an external device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for increasing the density of data storage on a magnetic medium by using variations in positioning of magnetic transitions to encode bits. Conventionally encoded bits are written to the medium as sequences of magnetic transitions according to an encoding standard. Additional bits are encoded on the medium as deviations from a nominal position of magnetic transitions separating conventionally encoded bits. The deviation from the nominal position is within an allowable range of tolerance for the standard followed in encoding the conventionally encoded bits. In order to prevent accumulation of error, additional bits are only encoded in transitions separating a pair of conventionally encoded bits. The first and last transitions of the pair do not have additional bits encoded as deviations of transition locations. This technique allows the encoding of one additional bit for every two conventionally encoded bits.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus is operated to optimize the amount of information represented by entries in a database. The operation comprises forming prior distributions over the parameters of entries in the database and subjecting a potential entry for the database to a process of evaluation. The evaluation includes, (a) sampling parameters from the prior distributions, (b) calculating a utility function from the samples and from the potential entry, and (c) calculating a utility value from the utility function. The process of evaluation is repeated for each of a plurality of further potential entries and the potential entry having the highest calculated utility value is selected.

Abstract: An electronic price label (EPL) promotional information verification system which ensures that promotional information for an item obtained from a promotional information file is equal to other promotional information displayed by an electronic price label (EPL) for the item. The EPL promotional information verification system includes a computer system coupled to the EPL, which includes a computer terminal and a storage medium coupled to the terminal. The storage medium contains an EPL data file, which contains EPL identification information and an EPL promotional information verifier.

Abstract: Port priorities are defined on a 32-bit word, 16-bit half-word, and 8-bit byte basis to control the write enable signals to a compute register file (CRF). With a manifold array (ManArray) reconfigurable register file, it is possible to have double-word 64-bit and single word 32-bit data-type instructions mixed with other double-word, single-word, half-word, or byte data-type instructions within the same very long instruction word (VLIW). By resolving a write priority conflict on the byte, half-word, or word that is in conflict during the VLIW execution, it is possible to have partial operations complete that provide a useful function. For. example, a load half-word to the half-word H0 portion of a 32-bit register R0 can have priority to complete its operation while a 64-bit shift of the register pair R0 and R1 will complete its operation on the non-conflicting half-word portions of the 64-bit register R0 and R1.

Abstract: Techniques for determining a position for a rotating optical element, or spinner, of a bar code scanner are described. A diffractive element is positioned so as to be struck by a laser beam produced by a laser source and reflected from the spinner when the spinner is in a reference position. The diffractive element diffracts the reflected beam to produce a diffracted line which strikes a reference position photodetector, thereby causing the reference position photodetector to produce a reference position photosignal. The reference position photosignal can be read by a controller to determine when the spinner is in the reference position, and the position of a Hall sensor can be read at the same time in order to calibrate the reading of the Hall sensor with the reference position.

Abstract: A modulated backscatter communication system (e.g., an Electronic Shelf Label (ESL) system) includes a central node (e.g., a ceiling node) and one or more remote nodes (e.g., ESL tags). The central node transmits a downlink radio signal which is reflectively modulated at a remote node to produce a modulated reflected radio signal. At the remote node, a precise-frequency subcarrier signal is modulated with an uplink information signal to produce a modulated signal which is used to produce the modulated reflected radio signal. At the central node, the modulated reflected radio signal is received, detected and narrowband filtered to obtain the modulated subcarrier signal which is then demodulated to obtain the uplink information signal, with great immunity to close to carrier downlink radio noise and fluorescent light backscatter interference.

Abstract: Systems and processes for updating the program memory of an embedded system are described. According to one aspect, a portable update device optically communicates with the embedded system and provides an update of the program memory of the embedded system. The embedded system may be located in a device which is not readily physically accessible. The program memory of the embedded system can be updated without the need for “on site” technical expertise.

Abstract: A computer-assisted method of auditing of loan portfolios and loan servicing portfolios wherein the loans are of a plurality of types by keying questions which determine compliance with a large, complex, and constantly changing set legal requirements to a set of selectable audit types. When an audit type is selected, the system uses sampling methods to select a set of loans of that type to audit and generates a checklist comprising a set of questions keyed to the particular type of audit.

Abstract: An electronic shelf label (ESL) system with having a reduced power consumption ESL is described. In one aspect, the ESL system extends battery life and increases the time between battery replacements by turning off the display segments of an ESL's display at predetermined times, such as, for example, when the store is not open or when the tags are not being viewed by customers. If a blank display is undesirable, due to possible confusion with a malfunctioning ESL or battery outage, then a single segment or a limited number of segments may be turned on. In one aspect, one of an ESL's registers which contains the display contents maybe loaded with a “blank” indication, or spaces, which results in the ESL not displaying any text and all of the display segments being turned off.

Abstract: Techniques for high throughput parallel separation, filtration and plate-to-plate transfer are described. Cells, proteins, chemical compounds and the like are being developed in multi-well, small volume well plates, such as 1536-well plates having wells of a volume on the order of 1 &mgr;l. A mechanism for clamping such plates together so that the wells will be aligned allows rapid separation or transfer by simply centrifuging the assembly. A membrane may be clamped between the plates. Alternatively, a membrane may replace one of the plates. Centrifuge dependent and independent designs are described.

Abstract: Techniques are described for semiconductor chips with reduced capacitive power dissipation as a result of improved conductor line spacing. The approaches are particularly applicable to 0.25 micron chip design processes and below. According to one aspect, where there are n available metallization layers available to the designer, a smaller number of layers, such as n−1, are utilized initially in developing a routing design. Then, at least one further metallization layer is used to systematically route conductors, such as bus conductors, to increase the number of metal pitches between conductors, by promoting conductors from one layer to another.