Abstract: A method of and apparatus for uniformly debossing and perforating a ribbon of thermoplastic sheet material or film through the use of vacuum in combination with a flash heating source such as a flow of hot air. The apparatus causes a ribbon of such film to be forwarded from a supply such as a roll of thermoplastic material, then about a circumferentially extending portion of a rotating debossing-perforating cylinder, and then downstream where the debossed and perforated film may be further processed or where it may be wound on a spool to form a roll thereof. The debossing-perforating cylinder comprises a perforated tubular member through which a plurality of independently adjustable levels of vacuum can be applied from within the cylinder to circumferentially spaced sections of the film in contact with the exterior surface of the perforated tubular member. The apparatus further causes a virtual curtain of hot air to be directed radially inwardly towards a predetermined zone of the perforated tubular member.

Abstract: A microturbulence generator for a papermachine headbox flow channel complying with newly developed parametric criteria for optimizing its effectiveness and methods of adjusting the position of said microturbulence generator while said papermachine is in-use to accommodate changes in operating conditions and/or machine speed are disclosed. A microturbulence generator complying with the optimization criteria of the present invention serves to generate a sufficient degree of microturbulence near the headbox throat to effectively disperse pulp floc in a macroturbulent stream of papermaking fibers to improve formation characteristics, randomize fiber orientation and reduce tensile ratio in the resulting paper web. The disclosed criteria are generally applicable to headbox flow channels having an angle of convergence between about 4.degree. and about 20.degree. and are particularly effective at papermachine speeds in excess of about 800 feet per minute.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel organotin compounds and a process for preparing same. These organotin compounds correspond to the general formula:R--S--CH.sub.2 --Sn--R'.sub.3where R is alkyl of from 1 to 14 carbon atoms; aryl; or substituted aryl; and each R' is alkyl of 1 to 14 carbon atoms. The organotin compounds of the invention having pre-emergent and post-emergent herbicidal activity are employed in the formulation of herbicidal compositions effective for controlling or combating the growth of weeds and other undesirable vegetation.

Abstract: A granular calcium carbonate-containing mixture is formed wherein the calcium carbonate particles have a high effective surface area and a low degree of agglomeration.

Abstract: Detergent-compatible fabric softening and anti-static compositions containing particular smectite clay materials, cationic anti-static agents and acidic compatibilizing agents are described. The compositions permit the simultaneous attainment of fabric softening, static-reduction and cleansing effects of fabrics washed therein.

Abstract: Alkali metal pyrophosphates and alkaline earth metal pyrophosphates are combined to provide a builder system for detergent compositions.