Abstract: Disclosed is a new internally heated calendering roll capable of finishing paper satisfactorily at the temperatures, heat loads and pressures required for substrata thermal molding. The roll is internally heated and has a circumferential wall at least 4 inches thick. It includes means to provide heat into the interior of the circumferential wall to be conducted through the wall to the outer surface for heating the paper web being calendered by the roll. The roll is constructed of a first material with a thin circumferential surface layer of a second, cermet or ceramic containing material. The surface layer material has a hardness of at least 530 Vickers and a thickness of between .003 inch and .030 inches. It is capable of being polished to a roughness of less than 6 micro inches Ra. The roll has uniformly spaced conduits for passing heated fluid located no more than 2 inches from the outer edge of the conduits to the circumferential surface. The roll is capable of conducting at least 8,500 BTU/Sq. Ft./Hr.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polishing doctor blade for resurfacing the surface of a metal calendering roll while in operation, comprising a working surface containing diamond abrasive particles harder than the surface material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new internally heated calendering roll capable of finishing paper satisfactorily at the temperatures, heat loads and pressures required for substrata thermal molding. The roll is internally heated and has a circumferential wall at least 4 inches thick. It includes means to provide heat into the interior of the circumferential wall to be conducted through the wall to the outer surface for heating the paper web being calendered by the roll. The roll is constructed of a first material with a thin circumferential surface layer of a second, cermet or ceramic containing material. The surface layer material has a hardness of at least 530 Vickers and a thickness of between 0.003 inch and 0.030 inches. It is capable of being polished to a roughness of less than 6 micro inches Ra. The roll has uniformly spaced conduits for passing heated fluid located no more than 2 inches from the outer edge of the conduits to the circumferential surface. The roll is capable of conducting at least 8,500 BTU/Sq. Ft./Hr.

Abstract: An improved method, and resulting product, for creping a web of papermaking fibers by adhering the web to a creping dryer and with a creping blade removing the web from the creping dryer which provides increased absorbency with less reduction in strength. The improvement comprises reducing the cohesive forces between the fibers to a greater extent than reducing the adhesive forces between the web and the creping dryer accomplished by applying a fluid at least primarily comprising water overall to the side of the web away from the creping dryer in sufficient quantity and at a position to accomplish the improved results. The method is particularly useful in the practice of wet creping wherein the web is creped from the creping dryer at a dryness of from 45% to 60%.

Abstract: An embossed sanitary paper product and method of making such product. The paper is embossed to form in the paper a midplane and an array of bosses extending up and down from the formed midplane. Each upward extending boss is flanked on two sides, in each of two directions, by a downward extending boss, and in at least one of the two directions, the paper between an upward extending boss tip and an adjacent downward extending boss tip on one side has a higher strain than the paper between the upward extending boss tip and an adjacent downward extending boss tip on the opposite side. The forming of a higher strain region and a lower strain region on opposite sides of a boss can be accomplished by forming asymmetric bosses with each upward extending boss rotated 180.degree. about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the paper with respect to its adjacent downward extending bosses.

Abstract: A temporary support with a transferable film composition coated on its surface is used in the manufacture of heat and pressure consolidated laminates to produce laminates of improved surface strength and functional properties. The film is composed of polyvinyl butyral resin and melamine resin. Additives may be included in the film composition for functional purposes and appearance.

Abstract: A transferable film composition coated on a temporary support is used in the manufacture of heat and pressure consolidated laminates to produce laminates of improved surface strength and functional properties. The film is composed of polyvinyl butyral resin and melamine resin which reacts with a resin in the laminates. Additives may be included in the film composition for functional purposes and appearance.

Abstract: Disclosed in a process for producing gloss and smoothness on the surface of a paper web, comprising:A. advancing a web of papermaking fibers through a nip formed by a smooth metal finishing drum and a resilient backing roll; andB. heating the drum to a temperature at least high enough to heat a substrata portion of the web to a temperature in which gloss and smoothness rapidly increase with increasing temperature due to thermoplastic molding of the substrata beneath the surface and at a temperature higher than where substantial gloss and smoothness would have already been obtained by molding of the surface of the web.

Abstract: Disclosed in a process for producing gloss and smoothness on the surface of a paper web, comprising:A. advancing a web of papermaking fibers through a nip formed by a smooth metal finishing drum and a resilient backing roll; andB. heating the drum to a temperature at least high enough to heat a substrate portion of the web to a temperature in which gloss and smoothness rapidly increase with increasing temperature due to thermoplastic molding of the substrate beneath the surface and at a temperature higher than where substantial gloss and smoothness would have already been obtained by molding of the surface of the web.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method of providing a desired surface effect in a release coating including the steps of applying a coating of an electron beam radiation curable composition or material to a side of a substrate, pressing the coated side of the substrate against a replicative surface having the desired surface effect, and irradiating the coating with electron beam radiation through the substrate to partially cure the coating sufficiently to enable it to be removed with the substrate from the replicative surface securely attached to the substrate and with the replicated surface effect in the coating being maintained, the improvement being the further step of irradiating the coating a second time, preferably from the other side, with electron beam radiation without first applying additional coating. Also disclosed is the resulting product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a superior method of providing a desired surface effect in a release coating on a porous sheet-like substrate by applying a coating of an electron beam radiation curable composition or material directly to one side of a base coated paper web, pressing the coated side of the substrate against a replicative surface having the desired surface effect, irradiating the coating with electron beam radiation through the substrate to cure the coating at least sufficiently to permanently adhere it to the substrate and to enable it to be removed with the substrate from the replicative surface securely attached to the substrate and with the replicated surface effect in the coating being maintained, the irradiation step taking place after sufficient time has passed to cause the coating to penetrate into the coated paper and to be in continuous intimate contact with the coated paper. Also disclosed is the apparatus for carrying out the method and the resulting product.

Abstract: Apparatus for developing electrostatic images on electrophotographic material by means of a perforate development electrode and liquid toner, without immersing the material in a bath of toner.

Abstract: A method for developing electrostatic images on a sheet of electro-photographic material by means of a perforate development electrode and liquid toner, without immersing the material in a bath of toner. The method comprises spraying liquid toner against pressure reducing means adjacent to the electrode to reduce and make uniform the pressure of the flowing liquid toner and flowing the liquid toner uniformly over and through the perforate development electrode and over the image side of the sheet without contacting the side opposite the image side with the toner.

Abstract: Disclosed is a release coating composition having acrylic functional materials which have been polymerized by electron beam radiation, about 15% to about 85% of the acrylic functional material being provided by one or more aliphatic noncyclic monofunctional acrylates and the remainder of the acrylic functional material being provided by one or more multi-functional acrylates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a superior method of providing a desired surface effect in a release coating on a porous sheet-like substrate by applying a coating of an electron beam radiation curable composition or material directly to one side of a base coated paper web, pressing the coated side of the substrate against a replicative surface having the desired surface effect, irradiating the coating with electron beam radiation through the substrate to cure the coating at least sufficiently to permanently adhere it to the substrate and to enable it to be removed with the substrate from the replicative surface securely attached to the substrate and with the replicated surface effect in the coating bein maintained, the irradiation step taking place after sufficient time has passed to cause the coating to penetrate into the coated paper and to be in continuous intimate contact with the coated paper. Also disclosed is the apparatus for carrying out the method and the resulting product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a release coating provided by a coating composition having an acrylic functional component which has been polymerized by electron beam radiation. In a preferred embodiment the coating composition does not contain polysiloxane. In another preferred embodiment some of the acrylic functional component has one acrylic group per molecule and some has three or more acrylic groups per molecule before polymerization.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coated sheet material comprising a release medium having thereon a gluable coating for use in making a decorative heat-and-pressure consolidated laminate. The gluable coating is transferred during the consolidation step from the release medium to the back side of the laminate, and the laminate can then be glued to a reinforcing substrate with conventional glues and without sanding the back of the laminate. The transferable gluable coating comprises a linear copolymer of (A) maleic anhydride or maleic acid or maleic acid salt and (B) ethylene or a vinyl monomer having a side chain of an aliphatic group with up to four carbon atoms or an alkoxy group with up to four carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed is a superior method of providing a desired surface effect in a release coating on a substrate by providing a coating of an electron beam radiation curable composition or material between one side of the substrate and a replicative surface having the desired surface effect, and irradiating the coating with electron beam radiation through the substrate to cure the coating at least sufficiently to permanently adhere it to the substrate and to enable it to be removed with the substrate from the replicative surface. Also disclosed is the apparatus for carrying out the method and the resulting product.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved pressure-sensitive adhesive composition comprising an unvulcanized elastomer component comprising at least one block copolymer of styrene and either isoprene or butadiene with a polystyrene block on at least one end of the block copolymer, a tackifying resin component compatible with the elastomer component, a plasticizer component, and a modifier component of unvulcanized cis-1,4-polybutadiene. Also disclosed is the pressure-sensitive adhesive structure comprising a web of material, such as paper, upon which is coated a layer of the above-described composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a release sheet having on at least one of its outer surfaces a dried and cured coating composition comprising a release agent, a cross-linkable thermoplastic resin, and a water dispersible organic compound containing polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, or a block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene.