Abstract: A liquid photopolymer layer covering a phototool image surface with one surface exposed to air is exposed by radiation through the phototool to partially harden in a pattern defined by the image the photopolymer layer through a part of its thickness. The air exposed surface portion is thus left in liquid form for contacting the surface of a printed wiring board, preferably by scanning along the length of a phototool with a pressurized roll or blade to contact and adhere the preimaged laminate to board surface in an air bubble free lamination where subsequent radiation exposure finishes the curing and bonds the cured portion of the polymer layer to the PWB substrate. After removal of the phototool, the polymer layer is developed by washing out uncured polymer portions as defined by the image pattern.

Abstract: A composition including a mixture of UV curable urethane acrylate and a urethane diacrylate compounds provides an aqueous alkaline developable, flexible solder mask having excellent electrical insulation resistance under hydrolytic testing conditions at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A composition including a mixture of UV curable urethane acrylate and a urethane diacrylate compounds provides an aqueous alkaline developable, flexible solder mask having excellent electrical insulation resistance under hydrolytic testing conditions at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: High photo resolution of over 100 lines is obtained for solder masks of thicknesses greater than 0.002 in. (0.005 cm) with liquid photopolymers of special compositions deposited from mesh screens over printed wiring board traces and photoexposed with a phototool image in contact with the photopolymer. Special interrelated properties of the liquid photopolymer interacting in an explicit process of screen depositing two adjacent liquid polymer layers include freedom from volatiles, a paste-like viscosity permitting use with mesh screens of about 60 mesh to obtain a uniform thickness layer free of bubbles and mesh marks, solder mask insulator and heat resistance characteristics, an ability to photo flash through a phototool image in contact with one layer surface and the other surface exposed to air to polymerize through a significant thickness of about one-third of the layer thickness, photo response to polymerize to a depth of about 0.02 in. (0.

Abstract: A tin oxide coated article characterized by including a transparent, haze-free tin oxide coating on a substrate, such as glass. The tin oxide coating is formed by deposition from a liquid coating composition including an organotin compound, such as an alkyltin trichloride, and a haze-reducing additive, such as a fluorocarboxylic acid or acid anhydride.

Abstract: Transparent, non-iridescent, infrared-reflecting glass window structures which are haze-free are provided herein. These structures comprise a glass sheet, an infrared-reflecting tin oxide coating on one major surface of the sheet, and an iridescence-reducing tin oxide coating on the opposed major surface of the sheet. The iridescence-reducing tin oxide coating is particularly characterized by being haze-free by virtue of its being made by contacting said sheet with monophenyltin trichloride in an oxygen-containing atmosphere.

Abstract: What is described herein is an improved method of electroplating an adherent chromium deposit on a chromium substrate. The process is characterized by chemically oxidizing the chromium substrate before starting the electrodeposition of chromium thereon. A suitable chemical oxidizing agent is hydrogen ion, which can be furnished by a dilute acid solution. In this invention, the acid is characterized by being destroyed in the plating bath, if dragged therein. Suitable acids include oxalic and citric acids. The process is applicable to any chromium electroplating bath, including high energy efficient chromium baths, such as HEEF-40 baths, which are presently in commercial use.

Abstract: An adherent, smooth electrodeposit of chromium is produced on a nodular cast iron substrate from a chromium plating bath. The desired deposit is provided herein by activating the substrate, subjecting the activated substrate to an ultrasonic treatment, and thereafter plating chromium from a chromium plating bath. The method is particularly effective for electrodeposition of chromium on such substrates from commercial high energy efficient chromium electroplating baths, where ordinarily only roughened deposits are obtained.

Abstract: This invention relates to organotin compounds containing fluorine which are particularly useful for forming fluorine-doped tin oxide coatings by the chemical vapor deposition method. In the preferred embodiment, the compound is monobutyldichlorotin trifluoroacetate, which is prepared by reaction of monobutyltin trichloride and trifluoroacetic acid.

Abstract: An improved liquid coating composition for producing high quality, high performance fluorine-doped tin oxide coatings by chemical vapor deposition includes the reaction product of a reactive fluorine dopant compound and an organotin compound, preferably 1-30 wt. % of the fluorine dopant and 70-99 wt. % of the organotin compound. The preferred liquid coating composition includes the reaction product of trifluoroacetic acid and monobutyltin trichloride.

Abstract: Apparatus for coating an optical fiber with a metal oxide coating material in vapor form, includes a coating chamber through which the fiber moves, the coating chamber including an inlet supplied with the coating material in vapor form, a circumferential passage for supplying the coating material to the fiber, a flow restriction passage in fluid communication between the inlet and the circumferential passage for supplying the coating material from the inlet to the circumferential passage, the flow restriction passage including a tortuous circumferential path through a plurality of circumferentially arranged orifices and a through a narrow gap, and an oil jacket containing heated oil surrounding the walls of the coating chamber for heating the same; an evaporator for supplying the coating material in vapor form to the inlet; and a heating assembly for supplying heated air to the evaporator to entrain the coating material and for supplying heated oil to the evaporator for heating the coating material and to the

Abstract: An aqueous alkaline developable UV curable urethane acrylate compound and composition are used for making flexible solder mask coatings, characterized by rapid development in an aqueous, alkaline medium, and advantageous performance properties.

Abstract: The two-step electrolytic activation process comprises anodic treatment in a polarizing solution followed sequentially by a cathodic treatment in an electrolyte solution. The activation process is useful for cast iron substrates to enable electrodeposition of chromium thereon which is adherent, bright, smooth and hard, particularly from high energy efficient chromium baths.

Abstract: A printed circuit board having improved adhesion between solder mask and metal includes a primer film on the metal deposited from an aqueous solution which includes 0.01 to 10% by weight of a carboxyl-containing polymer or copolymer.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, there is provided herein an improved chemical vapor deposition method for forming fluorine-doped tin oxide coatings using a liquid coating composition which includes a reactive organic fluorine dopant and an organotin compound. The method is carried out under a defined set of process conditions such that the coating produced has a minimum and constant sheet resistance which is substantially independent of deposition temperature.

Abstract: Aromatic or aliphatic dianhydrides and/or acid anhydrides are reacted with certain aromatic diamines alone or in combination with other diamines to produce polyimides, polyamide acids, poly(amide-imides), poly(amide-amide acids), poly(esterimides) or poly(esteramide acids). These polymers are thermoplastic in nature and have improved processing characteristics and thermal stability. The polymers may be prepared by either melt or solution polymerization techniques.

Abstract: A coating hood for applying protective coatings to glass containers, includes a pair of spaced side walls; a supply of vaporized or atomized coating chemical in a carrier gas; a conveyor for transporting the glass containers to be coated longitudinally through the coating hood; a hood ceiling with a plurality of openings positioned at the level of the container finishes for supplying coating free air across the finish of the containers; the openings on one side of the containers are offset in the longitudinal direction of the hood with respect to the openings on the other side of the containers; each opening supplying an envelope of the coating free air across the finish of the containers such that lateral boundaries of the envelope of each opening on one side of the containers are substantially coincident with lateral boundaries of the envelopes of the offset and laterally adjacent openings on the other side of the containers; and a blower for supplying the coating free air to the openings.

Abstract: Polyamic acids prepared from the condensation of dianhydrides (or trianhydrides) and diamines and preferably dissolved in a suitable solvent produce polyimide shaped articles (e.g. films) relatively free of voids, pinholes, cracks and bubbles when about 0.75 to about 5 mole percent of a polysiloxane is incorporated in the backbone of the polyamic acid.

Abstract: A liquid coating composition for producing high quality, high performance fluorine-doped tin oxide coatings by chemical vapor deposition includes 1-30 wt. % of a reactive fluorine dopant compound and 70-99 wt. % of an organotin compound.

Abstract: Transparent, haze-free tin oxide coatings on glass are obtained by chemical vapor deposition of liquid monophenyltin trichloride. The method includes the steps of vaporizing liquid monophenyltin trichloride and contacting the vapor in an oxidizing atmosphere with a substrate at an elevated substrate temperature, preferably about 450.degree. to 600.degree. C. The tin oxide coating on glass produced by this method has a haze which is less than 1%, and is substantially equal to the haze value for uncoated glass.