Abstract: N-Acetyl-para-aminophenyl N'-acetylaminothioalkanoates I are new analgesic compounds with greatly reduced hepatotoxic effects, when taken in overdose, relative to N-acetyl-para-aminophenyl. They are prepared by reacting an N-acetylaminothioalkanoic acid IV with a reactive organic chloride V to form a mixed anhydride II and then reacting the latter with N-acetyl-para-aminophenol. The mixed anhydrides II are new and useful intermediates. Alternatively the derivatives I may be prepared by reacting the acid IV with bis-(4-nitrophenyl) sulfite to form a para-nitrophenyl N-acetylaminothioalkanoic acid ester VIII, reducing the latter to a para-aminophenyl N-acetylaminothioalkanoate VII, and acetylating this product. The esters VII and VIII are new and useful intermediates. Both reactions may pass through S-blocked intermediates, which are also new. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the derivatives I are disclosed, and also analgesic methods using them.

Abstract: Refractory ceramic fiber blanket modules with a continuous strip of ceramic fiber material folded into a number of layers in a serpentine fashion are used to insulate high temperature equipment. The blanket is supported by support structure which penetrates the blanket in the vicinity of folds near the furnace wall, providing increased strength against tearing away of the blanket from the supports.

Abstract: Shown are cardiotonically active 2-RR'N-5-PY-6-Q-nicotinonitriles where R is methyl or ethyl, R' is hydrogen or methyl, PY is 4- or 3-pyridinyl or 4- or 3-pyridinyl having one or two substituents, and Q is hydrogen or methyl, the latter only when R' is hydrogen, or pharmaceutically acceptable acid-addition salts thereof. Also shown are cardiotonic compositions and a method for increasing cardiac contractility using as active components 2-RR'N-5-PY-6-Q-nicotinonitriles or pharmaceutically acceptable acid-addition salts thereof, where R, R', PY and Q are defined as above. Also shown is the process for preparing said 2-RR'N-5-PY-6-Q-nicotinonitriles by reacting a 2-halo-5-PY-6-Q-nicotinonitrile with an amine of the formula RR'NH.

Abstract: An improved method of preparing 3-(4-pyridinyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one oxime from ethyl 5-oxo-2-[(4-pyridinyl)-carbonyl]hexanoate is a one pot sequence which comprises first heating ethyl 5-oxo-2-[(4-pyridinyl)carbonyl]hexanoate with excess sulfuric acid, neutralizing the excess acid, extracting the resulting 3-(4-pyridinyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one with isopropyl alcohol, draining off the heavier aqueous layer, adding hydroxylamine hydrochloride to the isopropyl alcohol solution of said 2-cyclohexen-1-one, stirring the mixture at reflux, basifying the mixture and evaporating it to dryness, and isolating 3-(4-pyridinyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one oxime from the residue. The oxime is an intermediate for preparing 3-(4-pyridinyl)aniline, in turn, an intermediate for preparing rosoxacin, an antibacterial agent.

Abstract: Compounds useful as cardiotonic agents are 1-R-3-Q-5-PY-2(1H)-pyridinones (I) where R is hydrogen, lower-alkyl or lower-hydroxyalkyl, Q is amino (preferred), lower-alkylamino, di-(lower-alkyl)amino or NHAc, Ac is lower-alkanoyl or lower-carbalkoxy, and PY is 4- or 3- or 2-pyridinyl or 4- or 3- or 2-pyridinyl having one or two lower-alkyl substituents. The corresponding compounds where Q is nitro, carbamyl, cyano, halo or hydrogen are useful as intermediates and those where Q is hydrogen or cyano also are useful as cardiotonic agents. Said compounds are prepared: by reacting .alpha.-PY-.beta.-(R.sub.1 R.sub.2 N)acrolein (II) with malonamide to produce 1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-5-PY-nicotinamide (Ia) and reacting Ia with a reagent capable of converting carbamyl to amino to produce 3-amino-5-PY-2(1H)-pyridinone (Ib); by reacting II or .alpha.-PY-malonaldehyde (II') with .alpha.

Abstract: 3-(Hydroxy or hydroxymethyl)-5-(4-pyridinyl)-2(1H)-pyridinone or pharmaceutically-acceptable acid-addition salt thereof is useful as a cardiotonic agent. 3-Hydroxy-5-(4-pyridinyl)-2(1H)-pyridinone is prepared by autoclaving a mixture of an alkali lower-alkoxide, loweralkanol and 3-halo-5-(4-pyridinyl)-2(1H)-pyridinone and acidifying the cooled reaction mixture. 3-Hydroxymethyl-5-(4-pyridinyl)-2(1H)-pyridinone is prepared by reacting 5-(4-pyridinyl)-2(1H)-pyridinone with excess formaldehyde at an acidic pH. Said 3-(hydroxy or hydroxymethyl)-5-(4-pyridinyl)-2(1H)-pyridinone or pharmaceutically-acceptable acid-addition salt thereof is disclosed as the active ingredient in cardiotonic compositions for increasing cardiac contractility and in the method for increasing cardiac contractility in a patient requiring such treatment.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-5-(pyridinyl) nicotinonitriles by reacting .alpha.-(pyridinyl)-.beta.-[di-(lower-alkyl)amino]acrolein with malononitrile in a lower-alkanol. The products are useful as cardiotonic agents and, also, as intermediates for preparing corresponding 3-amino-5-(pyridinyl-2(1H)-pyridinones, in turn, useful as cardiotonic agents.

Abstract: 1:1 and 1:2 molar salts of 1,2-ethanediamine and nalidixic acid are prepared by reacting 1,2-ethanediamine with one or two molar equivalents of nalidixic acid. Also shown are aqueous solutions of the 1:1 equimolar salt and their preparation from the corresponding 1:2 molar salt.

Abstract: In a hydrogen cooled dynamoelectric machine, an ion chamber detector monitors thermally produced particulates. Specificity and sensitivity of the ion chamber detector are improved by applying an electrical potential of a limited predetermined range to the electrodes of the detector and operation of the detector occurs within a well defined subsaturation range.

Abstract: The collector wall axially coextensive with the expanding beam of electrons includes at least portions thereof which extend inwardly to closely approach the periphery of the beam of electrons at several axially spaced planes. In its simplest form this structure consists of a series of annular baffle plates each having a central aperture of a diameter only slightly larger than the diameter of the beam at the axial plane in the collector where the baffle plate is located. These baffle plates have been found to substantially reduce the number of secondary (impact-produced) electrons which return from the collector to the interaction sections of the linear beam microwave tube. As a result spurious signals and noise caused by back-streaming secondary electrons are significantly reduced.

Abstract: A grid electrode for an electron tube with planar electrodes consists of a planar array of fine wires mounted on a support frame. The support frame has a circular outside rim and interconnected interior elements dividing the area inside the rim into three or more separated apertures. The interior elements include radial elements connected to non-radial elements, forming a mechanically rigid structure with good heat conduction to the outside rim which resists buckling out of its plane when differentially heated.

Abstract: In an image tube, a photocathode is disposed to receive a photon image for emitting into the tube a corresponding electron image which is accelerated by an accelerating anode and focused upon an output device, such as a fluorescent screen or a microchannel electron multiplier. A gating electrode is interposed along the beam path between the anode and the output device. The potential difference between the photocathode and the gating electrode is periodically pulsed such that the gating electrode is sufficiently negative relative to the potential of the photocathode for reflecting the image electrons passing through the anode back to the anode for collection thereof and thus for gating off the electron image to the output device. This potential difference may be pulsed by pulsing the photocathode positive with respect to the gating electrode or by pulsing the gating electrode negative with respect to the photocathode.