Abstract: This invention relates to compositions and methods for achieving a therapeutic effect such as lowering blood pressure and treating congestive heart failure in a mammal. More specifically, this invention relates to synergistic compositions comprising amounts of at least two therapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of a renin inhibitor, an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor and an angiotensin II antagonist, which inhibitors and antagonists are present in amounts sufficient to cause synergistic therapeutic effects such as lowering blood pressure and treating congestive heart failure in a mammal.

Abstract: The invention relates to BCAT inhibitors and the use thereof for treating or preventing neuronal loss associated with stroke, ischemia, CNS trauma, hypoglycemia and surgery, as well as treating neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease and Down's syndrome, treating or preventing the adverse consequences of the overstimulation of the excitatory amino acids, treating anxiety, psychosis, convulsions, aminoglycoside antibiotics-induced hearing loss, migraine headache, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, Parkinson's disease, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, CMV retinitis, urinary incontinence, opioid tolerance or withdrawal, and inducing anesthesia, as well as for enhancing cognition.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of preparing sodium-hydrogen exchanger type 1 (NHE-1) inhibitors of formula I′ and methods of preparing pharmaceutical compositions comprising such NHE-1 inhibitors.