Abstract: A liquid crystal display driven by a dot-line inversion driving method in combination with a 2-step dot sequential precharge driving method which, if black window or black lines are displayed, is free of horizontal trails on circumscribing portions thereof is provided. Before video signals having opposite polarities are applied to signal lines, first, a full-line precharge pulse is generated in the horizontal blanking periods, and precharge gray signals which have the same polarity as that of the previous pixel potential are written together based on the full-line precharge pulse. Then, precharge black signals having the same polarity as that of one of the video signals and precharge gray signals having the same polarity of that of the other video signal are written in two steps.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of unified orbit and attitude control for acquisition and maintenance techniques of multiple satellites in a formation based on GPS input, utilizing Modern Feedback Control for providing precise autonomous on-board orbit and attitude control. This control system can place and maintain any satellite in its designated location in a formation, while simultaneously providing the capability to attain and maintain the attitude of any of the satellites in the formation with respect to the reference ‘head-of-fleet’ satellite.

Abstract: There is the problem of adjusting a clearance in electromechanically or electromotively operated brakes because automatic resetting means, which are provided for hydraulic brakes, cannot be used in brakes of the above type. Initially, it is necessary to determine a neutral position of the motor which is defined by the friction elements just abutting the brake disc in this position. This situation is determined by a detection device which exhibits the following operation in one preferred embodiment. The motor is driven from an unknown position by a constant motor torque so that the friction linings are moved towards the brake disc. The motor will speed up because the resistances remain constant in the starting stroke. An abrupt deceleration of the motor will be caused when the friction linings are applied to the brake disc. The zero passage of the angular acceleration can be sensed and interpreted as an application of the friction linings on the brake disc.

Abstract: A first transfer device and a second transfer device, each for transferring a wafer, are arranged opposite each other, and a cooling processing unit group is arranged between the first transfer device and the second transfer device. A first thermal processing unit group and a second thermal processing unit group are arranged on both sides of the first transfer device, and a first solution processing unit group and a second solution processing unit are arranged on both sides of the second transfer device. The first transfer device transfers the wafer between the cooling processing unit group, and units included in the first thermal processing unit group and the second thermal processing unit group, and the second transfer device transfers the wafer between the cooling processing unit group, and units included in the first solution processing unit group and the second solution processing unit group.

Abstract: A closure cap having therein a blister pack in which an additive, which may be a tablet, is retained to be released into the liquid contents of an associated bottle simultaneously upon opening of the closure cap and the rupturing of said blister pack by part of a closure member and forming part of the closure cap, whereafter the contents of the container may be dispensed either through the closure cap or after removal of the closure cap.

Abstract: A fluid-operated combination diaphragm spring brake has a tamper-resistant connection between a head and a flange case which together form a spring chamber housing a power spring. The head has an annular flange and an axial rim, and the flange case has an annular flange and an axial rim, The flanges of the head and the flange case and at least one of the rims of the head and the flange case define an annular recess. A diaphragm is sandwiched between the flanges and substantially fills the annular recess, removing substantially all the air within the annular recess. A welded connection radially adjacent the diaphragm secures head rim to the flange case rim.