Abstract: A mechanism for end-to-end mobile e-business applications for migration of business processes and business context between two or more clients and servers to provide transparency and reliability given unreliable networks and systems is disclosed. The e-business applications include mobile purchasing, retail point of sales, and inventory replenishment. The design of the novel mechanism takes into consideration migration of business processes and business context between clients and servers making the business activities transparent to the user of the mobile clients or networked clients.

Abstract: The present invention relates to tracking the use, transfer, impact and/or effect of a deposit. An index is correlated to a depositor making a deposit. The deposit, or portion thereof, and the index are transferred to one or more destinations. The deposit, or portion thereof, is used at the destination resulting in uses, impacts, effects or subsequent transfers. Information of each use, impact, effect or transfer is transferred with the index back to a central location for storage, referenced by the index. The information may be viewed by the depositor according to the index of the depositor. A reference number is placed on any end product produced by the use the deposit. A third party may view information about the depositor by using the reference number.

Abstract: A testing circuit for testing a series of at least three alternating transmitter and receiver links. The testing circuit including a built-in-self-test (BIST.) macro for generating test data and transmitting the test data to a first link of the series of transmitter and receiver links, and for receiving processed test data from a last link of the series of transmitter receiver links; and at least one test transmission line for transmitting test data received by a link of the series of transmitter and receiver links to a next link of the series of transmitter and receiver links, wherein the at least one test transmission line connects the at least three transmitter and receiver links.

Abstract: A method for optimizing request shipping within a plurality of distributed networked computer systems holding a distributed application the usage of which realizes a process model underlying said application is proposed in which said process model comprises a business process consisting of a plurality of activities to be performed on said application systems by a plurality of users, including shipping of activity requests between a local application system owning said business process and a plurality of remote application systems performing said activities with the help of a plurality of users. The basic idea is to optimize the assignment of the users to the appropriate application system in such a way that the number of remote work item requests is optimized. The inventional method can be advantageously applied to workflow management systems.

Abstract: Techniques for establishing contact between a first node and a second node in a communication system having a plurality of nodes. Upon a failure of an attempt by the first node to contact the second node, the first node contacts a 3rd party node, which in turn attempts to contact the second node on behalf of the first node. The first node's initial attempt to contact the second node can be verified by the 3rd party node, thereby avoiding an unjust detriment to the first node. Multiple retries or 3rd party nodes can be used to attempt contact on behalf of the first node. Responsiveness of nodes can be measured, and subsequent penalties can be assessed, as a result of their unresponsiveness.