Abstract: Aqueous coating agent including a water-dilutable mixture of binding agents ofI. 50 to 88 wt. % of a neutralised water-soluble reaction product including(A) 10 to 80 wt. % of a polyurethane resin with an acid number of 70 to 160, at least one terminal blocked isocyanate group devoid of free hydroxyl groups and fatty acid residues with more than 12 C-atoms and with a limiting viscosity number of 6.5 to 12.0 ml/g, measured in DMF at 20.degree. C., and(B) 20 to 90 wt. % of a polyester resin with an OH-number of 50 to 500, an acid number of less than 20, a limiting viscosity number of 8.0 to 13.0 ml/g, measured in DMF at 20.degree. C., with the reaction product having a limiting viscosity number of 13.5 to 18.0 ml/g measured in DMF at 20.degree. C.II. 10 to 40 wt. % of one or several blocked polyisocyanates not capable of being diluted with water, andIII. 2 to 30 wt. % of at least one amine resin by way of additional cross-linking agent.

Abstract: A method or producing multilayer coatings, more particularly for lacquering of motor vehicles in which at least three immediately adjacent layers with alternating effective charge of the used binders are applied. The coating agents can be made polar e.g. by using resins containing ionic groups.

Abstract: A system for producing an optical gain, the system including a host having a light conducting path doped with thulium, holmium, and at least one rare earth selected from the group consisting of europium and terbium in respective amounts sufficient to produce an optical gain by energizing the thulium to a .sup.3 H.sub.4 state to produce an optical gain by a .sup.3 H.sub.4 -.sup.3 F.sub.4 transition, producing a 1.47 .mu.m wavelength output. There is subsequent energy transfer from the .sup.3 F.sub.4 state of the thulium to a .sup.5 I.sub.7 state of the holmium, and energy transfer from the .sup.5 I.sub.7 state to the rare earth selected from the group consisting of europium and terbium. The system can include oscillator, amplifier, and superluminescence source configurations. A method for making and a method for using the system are included.

Abstract: A binding-agent composition for coating agents which can be cured at low temperature contains:A. 4-72% by weight of an acidic CH-compound, obtained by transesterification of an aliphatic .beta.-ketocarboxylic acid ester with one or several monomers and/or polymers containing hydroxyl groups and which contain at least two hydroxyl groups in the molecule,B. 4-72% by weight of an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated compound with at least two groups of the general formulaR.sub.1 R.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sub.3 --CO--attached via the residue of a divalent or polyvalent alcohol, a diamine or polyamine or amino alcohol to at least one additional R.sub.1 R.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sub.3 --CO--group, where R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 independently of each other are a hydrogen atom or a straight or branched alkyl residue with 1 to 10 carbon atoms,C. 10-80% by weight of one or several polyamines with, by way of curing agents, at least two amine functions, which can be primary and/or secondary and can be blocked, in the molecule, andD. 0.

Abstract: A binding-agent composition for solvent-based or aqueous coating agents can be cured at low temperature to produce coatings which are non-yellowing and resistant to solvents. The binding-agent composition contains binding-agent components based on polyethers, polyesters, polyether polyesters and/or (meth)acrylic copolymers with, in each case, at least one acryloyl group and at least one epoxide group in the molecule, whereby the acryloyl groups and epoxide groups are present in the ratio 2:8 to 8:2. Also included are several polyamines as curing agents in a proportion of equivalent weights ranging from 2:0.5 to 1:1.5. The binding agents are used in pigmented and pigment-free lacquers, for use particularly in multi-layer lacquering.

Abstract: An aqueous coating agent, containingone or more film-forming water-dilutable or water-soluble epoxy resins with an epoxide equivalent weight of 100 to 10000,one or more water-dilutable or water-soluble polyamines with at least two primary and/or secondary amino groups in the molecule and an equivalent weight of 50 to 500, andoptional pigments, fillers and/or other conventional lacquer adjuvants,the ratio of reactive H atoms in the polyamines to the epoxy groups in the epoxy resins being 0.7:1 to 1.5:1 and5 to 80 wt. % of one or more water-dilutable or water-soluble polyurethane resins with a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 500 to 500000 relative to the sum of the weights of the solids in the epoxy resin and polyamine.

Abstract: A catalyst-free single-component coating agent containing (A) one or more compounds acting as cross-linking agents and with on average at least two CH-azide hydrogen atoms, (B) one or more (meth)acrylate copolymers, polyester resins and/or polyurethane resins capable of Michael addition, with .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated groups bonded via carbonyl, carboxyl and/or carboxylic amide groups, a C.dbd.C equivalent weight of 85-1800 and a weight average molecular weight of 170-50000. The equivalent ratio of A to B is 2:1 to 1:2. The coating agent contains solvents and conventional lacquer additives, and optionally contains water, pigments and/or fillers. It results in particularly acid-resistant coatings and is particularly suitable for producing covering lacquer and clear lacquer coatings in the motor-vehicle sector.

Abstract: Aqueous baths for electrophoretic lacquering containing binding agents capable of cathodic deposition and containing as additives for enhancing surface appearance, in particular as anti-cratering agents,0.1 to 3% by weight of one or several (meth)acrylic copolymers with an amine number of 15-150 and an OH-number of 15-450, together with0.1 to 2% by weight of one or several polyesters with .beta.-hydroxyalkyl ester groups, with an acid number of 0 to 3 and a weight average molecular weight of 1000 to 10000, and/or together with0.1 to 5% by weight of one or several homopolymers or copolymers of one or several alkylvinyl ethers with 1-5 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue, with a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 10000,whereby the percentages by weight relate to the solids content of the binding agents, and process for the coating of substrates that conduct electricity.

Abstract: A process for the production of flexible impregnated protective, auxiliary and insulating materials on a fibre basis for electrical purposes by the application of an impregnating agent to the material to be impregnated, followed by curing, characterised in that a solvent-free impregnating mass containing one or more olefinically unsaturated, radically polymerisable polyesters, which contain one or more radically polymerisable monomers as reactive diluents, one or more plasticizing agents and optionally one or more peroxide-free radical initiators is applied to the material to be impregnated and curing is then carried out with high energy radiation and optionally by further heating.