Abstract: A method for Kraft pulping employing a modified cooking process in conjunction with polysulfide pulping technologies to obtain higher pulping yields than obtained in the prior art. The total required alkali charge (polysulfide liquor) is added to the beginning of a cook, and after all polysulfide has essentially reacted with lignocellulosic material at temperature below that at which no significant carbohydrate degradation occurs, a first quantity of the cooking liquor high in effective alkali (EA) concentration is removed from a first point in the pulping process and replaced with a cooking liquor low in EA concentration removed from another process point. The first quantity is then added elsewhere in the pulping process, where the EA concentration is low. This cooking liquor “exchange” obtains the full yield benefit from polysulfide pulping and a more uniform EA concentration profile to retain the major benefits of modified cooking.

Abstract: A bladderless dunnage bag is provided in which the primary material used for construction is a dunnage material based upon a paper substrate in which one or both of its outer surfaces are coated with a resin material that is impermeable to air and is heat sealable. By use of heat sealable coating materials, a center seal and the end seals of the dunnage bag can be formed in a moving process, and the heat-sealable joints or seals are stronger than the paper substrate material itself, since the heat seals are comprised of the coating material being adhered to itself, rather than the use of an adhesive applied to a paper material as in conventional dunnage bags. In a preferred construction, the dunnage material has a resin coating on both the top and bottom surfaces of the paper substrate, and both lap joints and fin joints can be formed by a heat sealable process that adheres the coating materials together, and does not depend upon the paper material for strength.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system for monitoring a process which includes a plurality of monitoring means such as video camera which collects data relative to the process. The collected data is converted into a digital format and the digitized data stored in digital data storage device such that as new data is stored earlier stored data is removed to maintain about the same volume of stored data. The system also includes a control such as a computer which communicates with the digital data storage device. In the event of a deviation from a process parameter, the control is adapted to extract and display the digitized data corresponding to the deviation.

Abstract: A hot soft nip calendar apparatus is provided for a paper mill. The apparatus includes at least one heated calendar roller and a finishing belt which is moved in proximity to the heated calendar roller by a plurality of drive rollers and at least one pressure roller. Thus, a heated calendar nip is defined between the heated calendar roller and the finishing belt. A web of paper is passed through the nip, such that one surface of the web of paper is contacted by the heated calendar roller, while the opposed surface of the web is contacted by the finishing belt. The finishing belt has an extremely smooth surface for contacting the web of paper so as to impart appropriate smoothness and gloss characteristics to that surface. The finishing belt can readily be changed when worn or damaged or to alter the characteristics being imparted to a web of paper.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pallet having a cradle which centers cylindrical articles or materials wound in rolls on the pallet and which allows the rolls to be transported while in a rollingly oriented manner, such that the cradle cooperates with retaining bands extending from a cylindrical core of the article or rolls to notches in runners which are attached to and extend the entire length of the pallet, thereby, securing the rolls in place during transport and storage.

Abstract: A process for bleaching wood pulp is provided comprising subjecting the wood pulp, after brown stock washing, to an oxygen delignification stage, a washing sequence, a first chlorine dioxide bleaching stage, an oxidative extraction stage, optionally at least one final chlorine dioxide bleaching stage and then recycling the filtrate from the oxidative extraction stage counter-currently through the bleaching plant and brown stock washing. Additionally, and quite beneficially, the filtrate from the first chlorine dioxide bleaching stage is also recycled counter-currently through the brown stock washing thereby significantly reducing the environmental impact associated with the manufacture of bleach wood pulp.

Abstract: This invention relates to a labeling apparatus and system for imprinting, dispensing and inserting labels in between layers of paper or other material arranged in bales which are movable along a conveyor line. The apparatus utilizes a label inserting mechanism and a label transfer mechanism to fold and to insert non-adhesive labels in between layers of the bale without damaging the stock.

Abstract: A method for measuring the size and magnitude of pinholes in a sheet of paper, comprising placing a test sheet of paper on top of a backing sheet and spreading ink, oil or stain across the test paper. Uniform pressure is applied to the test paper in sufficient magnitude to force the ink through any pinholes in the test paper and to create an imprint on the backing sheet. The backing sheet is then removed and allowed to dry. The imprint is then analyzed to determine the number and size of the pinholes in the test paper.

Abstract: A system for continuously monitoring a process such as a paper making process wherein a plurality of video cameras are positioned at various positions along the process to monitor one or more pre-determined characteristics of the process. The system further includes device for converting the monitored characteristics into digital format and a digital data storage device, such as a circular memory, for storage of such data such that as new data is stored earlier stored data is removed. The system includes a control device such as a computer which is capable of communicating with the data storage device and with a detector for detecting deviations from the monitored predetermined characteristic such that on receipt of a deviation signal the control device extracts from the digital data storage device digitized data corresponding to the deviation and displays such extracted deviation digitized data as for example on a video monitor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for forming metal or non-metal carbide fiber from the corresponding metal or non-metal.

Abstract: Tis invention relates to a process for reducing the concentration of an organic pollutant such as phenol in an aqueous stream which comprises passing the stream through a bioreacter containing a plurality of biologically active particles comprising a hydrophobic polyurethane substrate having an effective amount of one or more aerobic microorganism capable of metabolizing at least one of said organic materials on; in or on and in said substrate in the absence or in the substantial absence of a carbon absorbent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for improving the optical, thermal and/or mechanical properties of a polymer by subjecting a melt of the polymer to a shearing action at an effective shear rate, as for example a shear rate of greater than about 100 sec.sup.-1, for a time sufficient to improve said properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition comprising (a) at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) and copolymers of chlorotrifluoroethylene and one or more ethylenic comonomers; wherein said copolymers comprise at least about 50% by weight of chlorotrifluoroethylene and (b) effective amount of one or more nucleating agents selected from the group of compounds consisting of silver octonate, calcium carbonate, potassium benzoate, talc and lays bentonite, montmorillonite, hectorite and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for separating a mixed frequency light beam, particularly a laser light beam, into its different frequency components by impinging it on a first surface of an optical slab which reflects one component but transmits another, and re-directing the reflected component via a roof prism to a second surface of the slab which is adjacent to and positioned 90.degree. to the first surface, to obtain a reflected beam which is co-directional with the mixed beam, but stripped of the transmitted component.

Abstract: Solid state laser gain media of the composition Cr.sup.+3 :XYZF.sub.6 wherein X is an alkali metal ion; Y is an alkaline earth metal ion, Cd.sup.+2 or Mg.sup.+2 ; and Z is Al.sup.+3, Ga.sup.+3 or Sc.sup.+3 are provided with gradient Cr doping levels for reducing thermally generated stress/strain in the lasing operation.

Abstract: Photoinitiators having at least one terminal fluoroalkyl moiety are useful for photopolymerizing and photocuring fluorinated as well as non-fluorinated monomers, especially fluorinated acrylic monomers.

Abstract: In a frequency-shifted, low gain pulsed tunable laser, spatial and temporal build-up of regions of high intensity in the fundamental frequency is minimized by generating a frequency-narrowed fundamental wavelength, preferentially frequency shifting high energy portions of the fundamental wavelength, and separating the frequency-shifted portion. The remaining fundamental frequency can safely be coupled into a a fiber optic delivery means.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for forming polyaniline films or coatings on a substrate and to composite articles formed by said process.

Abstract: Solid bodies having a reflective surface are provided with an anti-reflection coating of a terpolymer composition derived from (a) perfluoroalkylalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, (b) acrylic, methacrylic or itaconic acid, and (c) hydroxyl- containing acrylate or methacrylate.