Abstract: A liquid composition is provided suitable for use as a flame retardant additive for polyurethane foams. The composition overcomes the problems of high viscosity and precipitates forming in formulations of phosphate esters and polybromodiphenyl oxides and avoids scorch and smoldering while preparing polyurethane foams meeting the California 117 standard. In addition, the composition provides an unexpected advantage of improved efficacy and heat stability. The process for preparing the flame retarded polyurethane foam and the foam itself are also claimed.

Abstract: A process is provided for detoxifying an aqueous solution containing a cyanide by employing hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a solid catalyst. The solid catalyst comprises a transition metal supported on an aluminum oxide and/or silicon oxide base.

Abstract: Polybromotriphenyl phosphates provide excellent flame retardancy for styrene modified polyphenylene ether molding resins, and provide flame retardant composition thereof which exhibit desirable processing characteristics, excellent impact strength, high heat distortion temperature, and minimal tendency toward stress cracking.

Abstract: A process for replacing an aromatic carbon-thallium bond with a carbon-oxygen bond. The process is particularly suitable for producing specific aromatic isomers by thallating an aromatic compound and replacing the thallium with a carboxylate group which can be further hydrolyzed if desired to form an aromatic hydroxyl compound.

Abstract: The invention is a method for operating a cell or plurality of cells for manufacturing hydrogen peroxide by reducing oxygen contained in the air. The method comprises directing air free from carbon dioxide over a cathode surface comprising an exterior surface of the cell. The oxygen from the air diffuses into the porous cathode and is reduced to hydrogen peroxide at the surface of an alkaline electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention provides a process to maintain the anolyte pH in the desired range while manufacturing potassium peroxydiphosphate on a commercial scale. The process comprises electrolyzing an alkaline anolyte containing potassium, phosphate, and hydroxyl ions at a platinum or noble metal anode optionally in the presence of a reaction promoter. The catholyte, an alkali metal hydroxide, is separated from the anolyte by a separating means permeable to anions permitting hydroxyl ions to be transferred into the anolyte thereby maintaining the pH of the anolyte in the desired range.

Abstract: The invention provides a process to manufacture fluoride-free potassium peroxydiphosphate on a commercial scale. The process comprises electrolyzing an alkaline anolyte containing potassium, phosphate, nitrate and hydroxyl ions at a platinum or noble metal anode. The catholyte is separated from the anolyte by a separating means permeable to at least one ion contained in the anolyte or catholyte.

Abstract: A hydraulic process has been developed and a process to treat subterranean formations whereby the medium can maintain for a period of time a sufficient viscosity to function as a hydraulic medium and optionally to support particulate matter. Subsequently, the viscosity of the medium decreases to facilitate the removal of the medium.

Abstract: The present invention is a process to oxidize a contaminant in a permeable subterranean formation by introducing an aqueous treating solution into the formation which solution contains hydrogen peroxide and a compound to control the mobility of the aqueous solution by increasing the viscosity, the density, or modifying the interfacial properties of the aqueous solution within the formation. The aqueous treating solution may also contain stabilizers for the hydrogen peroxide, free radical initiators, or free radical traps. Optionally, the formation may be pretreated to modify the permeability of the formation, to deactivate or remove hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst or to uniformly distribute free radical initiators therein.

Abstract: A process is provided for oxidizing unsaturated organic compounds with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a strong-acid type of polymer containing a cation of a transition metal. The process results in a decrease in undesired side reactions in epoxidations and improved isomer control in the hydroxylation of aromatic compounds.

Abstract: An aqueous composition has been developed to treat subterranean formations whereby the compositions can maintain for a period of time a sufficient viscosity to function as a hydraulic fluid and optionally to support particulate matter. Subsequently, the viscosity of the composition decreases to facilitate the removal of the composition.

Abstract: An aqueous composition has been developed to treat subterranean formations whereby the compositions can maintain for a period of time a sufficient viscosity to function as a hydraulic fluid and optionally to support particulate matter. Subsequently, the viscosity of the composition decreases to facilitate the removal of the composition.

Abstract: The invention is for a process for removing unalkylated anthraquinones from alkylated anthraquinone by forming a solution thereof, reducing the solution sufficiently so that at least part of the unalkylated anthraquinone is in the reduced form, and extracting the reduced solution in the absence of an oxidizing agent with an aqueous alkaline solution. The process is especially suited for removing anthraquinone from an alkylated anthraquinone for use in the manufacture of hydrogen peroxide by reducing and oxidizing a solution of the alkylated anthraquinone.

Abstract: The invention provides a process to increase the mol ratio of nuclearly hydrogenated working compound to the total working solution for the production of hydrogen peroxide by the cyclic reduction, oxidation, and extraction of an alkylated anthraquinone. The process produces the nuclearly hydrogenated working compound without producing substantial quantities of undesired by-products.

Abstract: An aqueous 25% to 35% solution of hydrogen peroxide with a residue on evaporation of 20 mg/l or less are stabilized against decomposition by a maximum of 1.4 mg/l tin. The tin is maintained in the solution in the form of a very fine colloidal sol by the addition of a maximum of 2-5 mg/kg of phosphate added as a phosphonic acid and a maximum of 5.5 mg/kg of a hydroxycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Bleaching compositions consisting of an N-halo compound with a coating comprising a silicate bound, hydrated, soluble inorganic salt and an alkali metal salt of boric acid. The compositions exhibit decreased localized dye attack on colored fabrics and decreased fabric attack and are useful in fabric laundering either alone or when formulated with a laundry detergent.

Abstract: The dusting and segregation of the glass batch during the manufacture of opal borosilicate glass can be reduced by adding the phosphorus values to the glass batch as phosphoric acid, and calcium values as limestone, calcium carbonate or calcium oxide.

Abstract: The invention provides a process to increase the mol ratio of nuclearly hydrogenated working compound to the total working compound in a make-up solution to be added to the working solution of an operating plant in producing hydrogen peroxide by the cyclic reduction, oxidation, and extraction of an alkylated anthraquinone. The process produces the nuclearly hydrogenated working compound in the make-up solution without producing substantial quantities of undesired by-products.

Abstract: The invention provides a process to manufacture hydrogen peroxide by cyclically reducing, oxidizing, and extracting a working compound dissolved in an inert solvent, with solvent and/or energy from the effluent from the oxidation step being recovered thereby increasing the economically feasible temperature and pressure ranges of the oxidation step.

Abstract: Phosphorus is recovered from the phosphorus sludge formed in the electrothermal production of phosphorus by contacting the sludge with a hydrophobic surface with sufficient force to cause the droplets of phosphorus in the sludge to coalesce and accumulate on the surface, from which it can become detached in the form of large phosphorus drops. One such recovery process involves contacting the sludge, under hydrostatic or other pressure, with a porous membrane formed of a hydrophobic material, through which passes coalesced phosphorus from the sludge, the water and the bulk of the impurities of the sludge being restrained against passage. Other coalescing procedures involve shearing the sludge between sliding hydrophobic surfaces and passing the sludge between hydrophobic surfaces in rolling contact. Typical hydrophobic materials are polyethylene, polypropylene, and rubber.