Abstract: Manipulating a body of crude petroleum to remove foreign matter present therein by introducing crude oil and water into a container and then introduing a mass of material which is at cryothermal temperature to cause freezing of the water and an increase in the surface tension of the petroleum crude. The cryothermal temperature corresponds to the freezing temperature of water and to lower temperatures. The method also provides for heating of the petroleum and frozen water in the container prior to the removal of the treated oil. The method aids in the expulsion of foreign matter from crude petroleum.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to method and apparatus for controlling or manipulating a body of crude, refined, or used petroleum as, for example: in the herding and recovery of an oil spill in a body of water; in temporarily stopping a leak in an oil tanker caused by a cracked hull; in recovering oil inadvertantly spilled on a beach front; in plugging an oil casing pipe to control an oil fire at sea on a drilling platform; in effecting preliminary refinement of oil at the oil rig site; in transporting oil from the Arctic or Antarctic region without resorting to complicated and costly apparatus; and in many other applications. The method basically comprises exposing a body of crude, refined, or used petroleum mass either to a transient atmosphere or environment of a freezing, sub-freezing, or cryogenics temperature, or contacting the petroleum with a substance or mechanism exhibiting freezing, sub-freezing, or cryogenics temperatures.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to method and apparatus for controlling or manipulating a body of crude, refined, or used petroleum as, for example: in the herding and recovery of an oil spill in a body of water; in temporarily stopping a leak in an oil tanker caused by a cracked hull; in recovering oil inadvertantly spilled on a beach front; in plugging an oil casing pipe to control an oil fire at sea on a drilling platform; in effecting preliminary refinement of oil at the oil rig site; in transporting oil from the Arctic or Antarctic region without resorting to complicated and costly apparatus; and in many other applications. The method basically comprises exposing a body of crude, refined, or used petroleum mass either to a transient atmosphere or environment of a freezing, sub-freezing, or cryogenics temperature, or contacting the petroleum with a substance or mechanism exhibiting freezing, sub-freezing, or cryogenics temperatures.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to method and apparatus for controlling or manipulating a body of crude, refined, or used petroleum as, for example: in the herding and recovery of an oil spill in a body of water; in temporarily stopping a leak in an oil tanker caused by a cracked hull; in recovering oil inadvertantly spilled on a beach front; in plugging an oil casing pipe to control an oil fire at sea on a drilling platform; in effecting preliminary refinement of oil at the oil rig site; in transporting oil from the Arctic or Antarctic region without resorting to complicated and costly apparatus; and in many other applications. The method basically comprises exposing a body of crude, refined, or used petroleum mass either to a transient atmosphere or environment of a freezing, sub-freezing, or cryogenics temperature, or contacting the petroleum with a substance or mechanism exhibiting freezing, sub-freezing, or cryogenics temperatures.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for cryogenic flash freezing of confined water in a rock formation with concomitant fracturing of the rock formation utilizes an anchoring device comprising gripping means actuatable responsive to release of pressurized gas effected by opening a valve responsive to the firing of an explosive charge in combination wih an elongated container for a cryogenic liquid so that the anchoring device may be positioned with said container depending therefrom in a hole in the rock formation and so that cryogenic liquid so held in position may be forcefully discharged from the container upon opening a valve responsive to the firing of an explosive charge for injection into water confined in the hole or in a cavity or crevice in the surrounding rock formation, the location of water to be flash frozen, if desired, being accomplished by a plug adapted to be fixed in place at different positions and to retain water thereon when fixed in place.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for cryogenic flash freezing of confined water in a rock formation with concomitant fracturing of the rock formation utilizes an anchoring device comprising gripping means actuatable responsive to release of pressurized gas effected by opening a valve responsive to the firing of an explosive charge in combination with an elongated container for a cryogenic liquid so that the anchoring device may be positioned with said container depending therefrom in a hole in the rock formation and so that cryogenic liquid so held in position may be forcefully discharged from the container upon opening a valve responsive to the firing of an explosive charge for injection into water confined in the hole or in a cavity or crevice in the surrounding rock formation, the location of water to be flash frozen, if desired, being accomplished by a plug adapted to be fixed in place at different positions and to retain water thereon when fixed in place.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for the cryothermal recovery of sulfuric acid as predicated on the capture and conversion of sulfur dioxide contained in industrial waste gases. The apparatus includes a waste gas purifier comprising a chamber through which waste combustion gases are passed so as to traverse an ice bed filter means containing ice produced so as to contain entrained oxygen by an independent ice-making machine and chilled by the use of a cryogenic material, preferably liquid nitrogen. The incoming gases may be chilled by recirculating the gases that have passed through the ice filter bed so as to chill the portion of the chamber that is contacted by the incoming gases prior to their passage through the ice filter bed. Oxygen entrainment may be enhanced by the employment of a source of oxygen and the entrained oxygen at the low temperature provided by the ice bed reacts with sulfur dioxide contained in the waste combustion gases by transition through sulfur trioxide to sulfuric acid.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for cryogenic flash freezing of confined water in a rock formation with concomitant fracturing of the rock formation utilizes an anchoring device comprising gripping means actuatable responsive to release of pressurized gas effected by opening a valve responsive to the firing of an explosive charge in combination with an elongated container for a cryogenic liquid so that the anchoring device may be positioned with said container depending therefrom in a hole in the rock formation and so that cryogenic liquid so held in position may be forcefully discharged from the container upon opening a valve responsive to the firing of an explosive charge for injection into water confined in the hole or in a cavity or crevice in the surrounding rock formation, the location of water to be flash frozen, if desired, being accomplished by a plug adapted to be fixed in place at different positions and to retain water thereon when fixed in place.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for purifying industrial waste gases, and during the process of purifying the waste gases, a solution of polluted water is obtained which is subsequently passed through additional associated apparatus in order to recover comparatively pure water. The apparatus includes an in-line condenser for reducing the temperature of the industrial waste gases prior to being conducted to a waste gas purifier. The solid particulate matter of the industrial waste gases are collected in suitable disposal containers, while the liquid waste from the gas purifier is conducted to a liquid collection means from which the liquid waste is passed through a thermal energy generator for producing super-heated steam that is subsequently conducted to a condensing box for recovering comparatively pure water.