Abstract: An electroplating bath for the high speed deposition of bright metallic tin utilizing tin fluoroborate and sulfuric acid as the electrolyte; wherein, in addition to certain other additives, the bath contains a perfluoroalkyl sulfonate wetting agent to promote anode corrosion. Brighteners used in the system include aromatic amines and aliphatic aldehydes. For certain purposes it may be advantageous to include boric acid as part of the electrolyte; and, in other instances, to use an aromatic sulfonic acid to enhance bath stability and brightness. The method for utilizing a bath containing tin fluoroborate in a sulfuric acid matrix containing these perfluoroalkyl sulfonate wetting agents is also described.

Abstract: A process for treating food and beverage containers comprised of low-carbon steel sheet (black plate) to improve the adherence and to resist undercutting of organic can lacquers applied to the surfaces thereof when subjected to agressive environments without visually impairing the light-grey shiny steel appearance of the container surface and without loss of humidity resistance. The treatment can readily be integrated with conventional can body manufacturing procedures and includes contacting the cleaned black plate container body surface with an aqueous acidic solution containing a controlled amount of stannous ions at a controlled temperature for a period of time sufficient to deposit tin on the surfaces thereof in an amount up to about 5 mg/ft.sup.2 followed by rinsing, drying and lacquering.

Abstract: A composition for forming a phosphate and lubricant coating in a single operation comprises phosphate ions, metal ion other than alkali metal, lubricant particles, cationic emulsifier and a scale prevention additive comprising a naphthalene sulphonic acid/formaldehyde condensation product.

Abstract: A process of post-treating a conversion-coated metal surface by contacting the surface with a dilute solution of a post-treatment compound, or a metal salt thereof, where the post-treatment compound is poly-4-vinylphenol or the reaction product of an aldehyde or ketone and poly-4-vinylphenol.

Abstract: Improved baths for the electrodeposition of ruthenium metal on various substrates. The ruthenium metal baths are formulated with a complex of ruthenium metal and sulphamic acid wherein the molar ratio is one mole of ruthenium metal and from about 4 to 10 moles of sulphamic acid. For most purposes, certain selective metals are also present in the baths, which are maintained at a pH ranging from about 1.0 to 2.2. The process for utilizing said baths to plate substrates with essentially pure ruthenium metal is also described and claimed.

Abstract: A process for pretreating a substantially non-conductive substrate such as a plateable plastic or plastic article having an electroless metal deposit on the surface thereof which comprises the steps of conditioning the surface of the substrate to effect an increase in the conductivity thereof with a dilute aqueous acidic solution containing controlled effective amounts of copper, acid and a polyether compound followed by an electrolytic acid copper strike employing a more concentrated aqueous electrolyte containing copper, acid and a polyether compound. The conditioning and electrolytic copper strike steps can be performed without necessitating any intervening rinse steps to provide a conductive basis for subsequently depositing adherent and uniform electroplates such as decorative acid copper or the like.

Abstract: An electroless plating process for depositing gold on substrates, such as metal and metallized substrates, which involves immersing the substrates in an electroless plating bath composed of a trivalent gold complex, an organic carboxylic acid, and/or a mineral acid sufficient in amount so that the pH of the bath will range from about 0.1 to 6.0. The process of utilizing said electroless bath to deposit gold on the aforementioned substrates is also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A process for treating metal surfaces, particularly zinc and zinc alloy surfaces, for depositing a passivate film of improved corrosion resistance and hardness which comprises the steps of providing an aqueous acidic solution containing effective amounts of chromium ions substantially all of which are in the trivalent state, hydrogen ions to provide a pH of about 1.2 to about 2.

Abstract: Novel alkylated hydroxyl aryl compounds, such as vanillin which has been alkylated with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, are useful as additives in alkaline zinc electroplating baths.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic solution and process for treating metal surfaces, particularly zinc and zinc alloy surfaces, for depositing a passivate film to impart improved corrosion resistance thereto. The solution contains effective amounts of chromium ions substantially all of which are present in the trivalent state, hydrogen ions to provide a pH of about 1.2 to about 2.5, an oxidizing agent, a stabilizing agent comprising a mixture of 1--hydroxy ethylidene--1,1 diphosphonic acid and citric acid as well as the bath soluble and compatible salts thereof present in an amount effective to stabilize the oxidizing agent and pH of the aqueous acidic solution, and at least one additional metal ion selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, manganese, aluminum, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanide mixture as well as mixtures thereof. The treating solution may optionally further contain a bath soluble and compatible silicate compound, halide ions, a carboxylic acid or salt thereof and a wetting agent.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic solution and process for treating metal surfaces, particularly zinc and zinc alloy surfaces, to impart improved corrosion resistance thereto. The solution contains effective amounts of chromium ions substantially all of which are in the trivalent state, hydrogen ions to provide a pH of about 1.5 to about 2.2, an oxidizing agent, iron ions in combination with at least one additional metal ion selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, manganese, lanthanum and mixtures thereof. The treating solution may optionally further contain halide ions and a wetting agent.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic solution and process for treating receptive metal surfaces, particularly zinc and zinc alloy surfaces, to impart a light-yellow iridescent passivate film thereon imparting improved corrosion resistance thereto. The aqueous solution contains effective amounts of chromium ions substantially all of which are in the trivalent state, hydrogen ions to provide a pH of about 1.2 to about 2.5, an oxidizing agent and cerium ions present in an amount effective to activate the bath and promote the formation of a light-yellow passivate film on the metal substrate. The treating solution may optionally further contain halide ions, a wetting agent and additional metal ions selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, manganese, lanthanum, lanthanide mixtures of rare earth oxides as well as mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic solution and process for treating receptive metal surfaces, particularly zinc and zinc alloy surfaces, to impart a passivate film thereon imparting improved corrosion resistance thereto. The aqueous solution contains effective amounts of hydrogen ions to provide a pH of about 1.2 to about 2.5, an oxidizing agent and a combination of iron and cobalt ions present in an amount effective to activate the bath and promote the formation of a passivate film on the metal substrate. The treating solution may optionally further contain cerium ions present in an amount to further activate the bath and to impart a light-yellow color to the passivate film, halide ions and a wetting agent.

Abstract: Described is a low temperature low foaming alkaline cleaner composition comprising:(a) an alkaline portion containing at least 75% by weight (PBW) of alkaline materials selected from the group consisting of alkali or alkaline earth metal borate, silicate, carbonate, hydroxide, phosphate and mixtures thereof;(b) an ethoxylated alkyl phenol in an amount from about 0.1 to about 15 PBW; and(c) an ethoxylated and propoxylated alkyl phenol in an amount from about 1 to about 15 PBW;wherein the sum of (a), (b) and (c) equals 100 PBW.The compositions are useful as low temperature low foaming cleaners in solid or liquid form. A variety of oils and soaps may be removed from soiled substrates. Cleaning temperatures in the range of 60.degree. F. and above are obtainable.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic solution and process for treating metal surfaces, particularly zinc and zinc alloy surfaces, for depositing a passivate film of improved clarity and hardness and to impart improved corrosion resistance thereto. The solution contains effective amounts of chromium ions substantially all of which are in the trivalent state, hydrogen ions to provide a pH of about 1.2 to about 2.5, an oxidizing agent, a bath soluble and compatible organic carboxylic acid or metal salts thereof present in an amount to impart increased initial hardness and improved clarity to the passivate film and at least one additional metal ion selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, manganese, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanide mixtures as well as mixtures thereof. The treating solution may optionally further contain halide ions and a wetting agent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a one package cleaning solution replenisher concentrate having good temperature stability characteristics. The replenisher concentrate is a temperature stable aqueous acidic solution comprising a polyalkylene glycol-abietic acid surfactant, a polyalkylene glycol-hydrocarbon surfactant, and at least 2% fluoride and is well adapted to replenish a working bath of cleaning solution to maintain the activity thereof.

Abstract: Improved electroplating bath for depositing bright, metallic tin wherein divalent tin, in the form of stannous sulfate or fluoroborate, is present in conjunction with sulfuric or fluoroboric acid, brighteners including an aromatic amine and an aliphatic aldehyde, a polyalkylene ether surfactant, and an aromatic sulfonic acid to ensure bath stability as well as the requisite brightness. The divalent tin-containing electroplating bath may also be provided with copper or rhodium salts to achieve codeposition of tin with at least one of these alloying metals. The method of utilizing such divalent tin electroplating baths to plate substrates with bright metallic tin is also described and claimed.

Abstract: A composition and process are useful for imparting corrosion resistance and paint receptivity to metal surfaces. The process involves application of an aqueous wet film which is dried in place and thus avoids effluent problems from conventional processes involving rinsing. The composition contains a water soluble titanium zirconium compound, an inositol 2-6 phosphate ester and silica.

Abstract: An aqueous chromium-free composition is useful for imparting a corrosion resistance paintable coating to a tin surface. The composition contains a titanium or zirconium compound, a pyrazole derivative, a myoinositol phosphate ester and a silicon compound. The surface is either chemically coated via contact with the composition or electrolytically coated via immersion in the composition.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic composition provides improved corrosion resistance to a metal, e.g., ferrous, zinc or aluminum surface upon contact. The composition contains dissolved hafnium and/or zirconium, fluoride, preferably a vegetable tannin compound, and optionally phosphate ions.