Abstract: High strength extrudable and readily weldable aluminum base alloys are prepared comprising 0.9-1.5% magnesium, 0.4-0.8% silicon, and 0.9-1.5% copper, which may also include optional elements such as manganese, iron, and chromium, wherein the silicon content must not exceed the sum of 0.58 .times. magnesium content plus 0.25 .times. the manganese plus iron contents and the copper content must not exceed the sum of magnesium plus silicon contents. Such alloys display improved retention of strength properties after being subjected to welding conditions.

Abstract: A heat exchange panel possessing a system of internal tubular passageways connecting opposed headers, wherein said headers define an angle of at least 91.degree. with respect to the direction of flow of a heat exchange medium passing therethrough, and said passageways are disposed at an angle of at least 1.degree. with respect to said flow, said flow defined with respect to a longitudinal edge of said panel. The disposition of the headers and passageways provides improved and efficient drainage of fluid from the panel regardless of whether the longitudinal dimension of the panel is placed in the horizontal or the vertical plane.

Abstract: The instant disclosure teaches a process for obtaining an improved combination of strength and bend properties in copper base alloys having low stacking fault energy. The process is characterized by a critical combination of cold reduction and annealing following recrystallization. Improved copper base alloys are also disclosed.

Abstract: A heat exchange panel possessing a system of internal fluid passageways defining at least two longitdudinally extended headers extending substantially the length of the panel, a connecting header located at one end of the panel in a direction transverse to the longitudinally extended headers and interconnecting same, a plurality of connecting portions of said passageways extending transversely between the respective longitudinally extended headers, and fluid exit and entry portions extending longitudinally from at least two of said headers. The configuration of the headers serves to reduce pressure drop while maintaining uniformity of fluid flow under high velocity, and renders the panel eminently suitable for solar energy applications.

Abstract: A heat exchange system comprising a plurality of passageways for a heat exchange medium defining opposed header structures connected by connecting portions of said passageways extending therebetween, said connecting portions having entry and exit portions communicating with said headers to provide ingress and egress openings for said heat exchange medium, wherein said connecting portions are provided with at least one constriction in internal diameter extending along at least a portion of the length of at least one of said connecting portions, said constriction serving to regulate the flow of said heat exchange medium between all of said connecting portions.

Abstract: The disclosure teaches an improvement in the filtration of molten metal especially aluminum using a removable vertically disposed filter plate and at least one fluxing gas inlet positioned in such a manner so as to introduce fluxing gas into the filter plate. The filter plate is provided with a bevelled peripheral surface mating with a like bevelled surface in a filter chamber so that the filter plate can be conveniently inserted in the chamber and removed therefrom. Fluxing gas is provided to the melt through the inlet and flows through the filter plate so as to assure extensive contact with the melt. Dissolved gases and non-metallic inclusions are thereby abstracted and removed from the melt.

Abstract: A method for adding reactive elements to molten copper or copper base alloys is disclosed. This method prevents unwanted reactions and oxidation by adding the reactive elements to the molten metal in the form of a powder mixture placed within tubing which is compatible with said molten metal. This filled tubing is sealed and drawn down, if desired, to an appropriate size for rapid melting within said molten metal and consequent rapid dissolution of the reactive elements throughout the molten metal.

Abstract: Aluminum base alloys are disclosed which contain up to 2.0% by weight zinc, up to 5.0% by weight magnesium, less than 0.1% by weight iron, elements selected from the group consisting of cadmium, tin and lead, or any combination thereof, in amounts ranging from 0.05 to 0.3% by weight for each of cadmium and tin and from 0.01 to 0.15% by weight for lead, balance aluminum. These aluminum base alloys are particularly useful as anode material for primary electric cells. The aluminum alloys reduce the incidence of hydrogen gas evolution within the cells. The aluminum base alloys may also be utilized as anode material for uses other than primary cells.

Abstract: A method for increasing the corrosion resistance of aluminum base alloys is disclosed. The alloys contain from 0.2 to 1.0% by weight zinc, up to 5.0% by weight magnesium, less than 0.1% by weight iron, balance aluminum. These aluminum base alloys are particularly useful as anode material for primary electric cells. The aluminum alloys reduce the incidence of hydrogen gas evolution within the cells. The aluminum base alloys may also be utilized as anode material for uses other than primary cells.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of hollow articles comprising providing a first sheet of metal, placing on said first sheet a weld-inhibiting material in a pattern corresponding to a predetermined configuration of fluid passageways, forming an assembly by superimposing a second sheet of metal upon the surface of said first sheet bearing said pattern, pressure welding said assembly in the areas thereof not separated by weld-inhibiting material, and expanding the areas separated by said weld-inhibiting material, wherein the weld-inhibiting pattern provided is so configured that when said assembly is expanded, a marker structure is formed which is situated so as to guide the determination of the final linear dimensions of said article. The foregoing marker enables the rapid, automated sizing of articles such as heat exchange panels produced by the above process.

Abstract: The disclosure teaches a method for the manufacture of hollow articles useful as heat exchangers including the steps of rolling together two sheets of metal with at least one metal tube sandwiched therebetween to form a bonded assembly. The metal tube is subsequently expanded by the introduction of pressure therein to form an internal passageway.

Abstract: A method for increasing the corrosion resistance of aluminum base alloys is disclosed. The alloys contain up to 2.0% by weight zinc, up to 5.0% by weight magnesium, less than 0.1% by weight iron, elements selected from the group consisting of cadmium, tin and lead, or any combination thereof, in amounts ranging from 0.05 to 0.3% by weight for each of cadmium and tin and from 0.01 to 0.15% by weight for lead, balance aluminum. These aluminum base alloys are particularly useful as anode material for primary electric cells. The aluminum alloys reduce the incidence of hydrogen gas evolution within the cells. The aluminum base alloys may also be utilized as anode material for uses other than primary cells.

Abstract: Copper-silicon based alloys which exhibit high elastic properties and resistance to bending fatigue are disclosed. These alloys incorporate silicon in amounts ranging from 4.4 to 5.2%. Optional elements may be added to the copper-silicon alloys, but are limited in amounts such that not less than 4.4% of silicon is present in the alloy. These alloys have particular utility in spring-type electrical connection devices.

Abstract: Ceramic foams possessing controlled permeability and uniformity are prepared by a combined rolling operation of impregnating an open-celled organic polymer foam material possessing a predetermined permeability and resilience with a fluid aqueous slurry of a thixotropic ceramic composition and immediate passage through at least two controlled roll gaps, wherein the rolls are preset to effect a temporary compression ranging from about 50 to 90% for the first pass and 70 to 90% for the second pass. The resulting material is thereby uniformly impregnated with the required amount of slurry, and is then dried and heated to remove the organic foam component. The foams prepared in accordance with the present invention are useful as filters for molten metals, especially aluminum and its alloys.

Abstract: A process for providing copper base alloys with a combination of high strength and high strength to ductility characteristics is disclosed. The alloys should be those copper alloys which exhibit continuous, homogeneous precipitation of coherent particles such as spinodal decomposition upon precipitation hardening. The alloys are hot worked, solution annealed and subjected to a controlled cooling to provide the desirable strength-ductility combinations.

Abstract: New and improved copper base alloys, characterized by a combination of high electrical conductivity and excellent strength properties, consisting essentially of 0.8- 5% by weight of titanium as a first component, a portion of which may be a like element such as zirconium or hafnium or both, 1.2- 5% by weight of antimony as a second component, part of which may be replaced by one or more of the elements arsenic, phosphorus, silicon, germanium and tin, with the atomic ratio of the total titanium and like elements, to antimony and like elements, being not more than 10% above 5:3, and the balance essentially copper.

Abstract: Copper base alloys having improved rupture properties and improved hot rolling performance consisting of from 2 to 9.5% aluminum, preferably also from 0.001 to 3.0% silicon, a grain refining element, preferably cobalt in an amount from 0.001 to 5.0%, from 0.001 to 0.5% of a material selected from the group consisting of a material of the lanthanide series of the Periodic Table and mixtures thereof, and the balance essentially copper.

Abstract: A method of cladding metal plate with a protective layer of copper or copper base alloy is disclosed. The metal plate is contacted with a standing waveform of molten copper or copper base alloy in order to provide the cladding layer. This clad composite material is used to provide corrosion resistance for the metal plate substrate and an inexpensive alternative to solid thick sheets of copper or copper base alloy to deter corrosion.

Abstract: A process of heat treating and mechanically working copper base alloys containing chromium, zirconium and vanadium is disclosed. The combination of alloying ingredients, hot and cold rolling, annealing and aging steps increases both the strength and electrical conductivity properties of the alloy without excessive cold working or aging.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having a desired system of tubular passageways for a heat exchange medium defining opposed headers connected by connecting portions of said passageways extending therebetween, said passageways having entry and exit portions extending from said headers to provide ingress and egress openings for said heat exchange medium, wherein said headers include a fluid distributing pattern comprising at least one bonded portion defining at least one wedge-shaped projection, said projection provided to assist in the distribution of flow of said heat exchange medium.