Abstract: Infrared detectors, such as thermistors, thermocouples, thermopiles, pyroelectric detectors, and the like, are rendered insensitive to short wave radiation, such as the visible or near infrared, but sensitive to longer wave infrared, for example, beyond 4.5.mu. by coating the active surface of the detector with a strong reflector of visible light but which absorbs infrared at least in the range from 7.mu. to somewhat beyond 10.mu.. A preferred example of the paint, which appears white to the eye, is titanium dioxide, but this is not the only material which can be used as any white or strongly diffuse reflecting coating which absorbs in the infrared from 7.mu. on can be used. The infrared instrument for which the detector is particularly useful is an intrusion detector or burglar alarm which is activated by the infrared radiation from the intruder, which is in the range from around 7.mu. to 10.mu. and beyond. The strongly diffuse reflecting action in the visible prevents false alarms from ambient light.

Abstract: The micropolarizing equipment of the present invention consists in a pair of capillary tubes of black glass or glass with a black outer coating which fit into sockets in three prisms, the first being a 45.degree. prism over the central aperture of the microscope stage which reflects the plane polarized beam at right angles through one of the capillary tubes; a second prism, which is double, reflects light emerging from the first capillary tube at right angles up to a second 45.degree. prism into which the second capillary tube is mounted in a socket and is parallel to the first capillary tube. The third prism receives the other end of the second capillary tube in a socket and reflects the light up into the objective of the microscope.

Abstract: This invention produces flame resistant cellulose fiber insulation, which will be referred to as CFI. The best flameproofing agents which have been used in the past are mixtures of boric acid and borax as the major portion of the mix and have been applied both as dry powders and sprayed from water dispersions. Boric acid is quite expensive as it is prepared from borax by the addition of acid and purification of the boric acid. In the present invention lower cost materials and process are obtained by applying a mixture of boric acid and borax which has been prepared by adding acid, such as sulfuric acid, a mixture of sulfuric and phosphoric acid, and the like, to borax to transform a portion of the borax into boric acid. The reaction products, sodium sulfate, or a mixture of sodium sulfate and sodium phosphate in the case both acids are used, remain in the material applied to CFI.

Abstract: Lumber is classified in terms of knots. The method used employs high frequency radio energy and a detector responsive to phase to detect the energy passing through the lumber. The knots exhibit a different dielectric constant, the real part of which is different from normal wood, and the difference in phase of the radiation detected effects the measurement. Preferably, the frequency radiation is near 10 GHz.

Abstract: A two part removable fastening attachment temporarily hanging an article, such as a telephone receiver, garden tool, hammer or the like, on a vertical surface against which the article can hang. The attachment is of the two part ball and socket type, with a socket which surrounds the ball on all but one open side which permits sliding of the ball into the socket, the ball then contacts the portion of the socket surrounding it. The ball is attached to the vertical surface and the socket is attached to the article with the open side down and is free to move down over the ball until its upper surrounding portion engages the ball. The attachment is molded of plastic for light articles, but metal may be used for heavier articles. The ball and socket elements are each provided with an integral base having a generally flat surface to conform to the article and the support.

Abstract: Comminuted iron ore, which may be pre-reduced partly or wholly if desired, is flash smelted in a vertical shaft furnace with excess carbon, and off gases are produced from which a large amount of hydrogen is recovered. The major portion of hydrogen is a product gas which can be used for reactions, such as the production of ammonia, hydrogenation of coal, and the like, or it may be used as a cooling agent for electric generators and the like.

Abstract: A combustion process in which a water-in-oil emulsion of liquid fuel, such as liquid hydrocarbons, containing from 10 to 50% water and preferably 10 to 30% water is burned. The emulsion is produced, with little or no added emulsifying agent, by sonic agitation, including a sonic generator and an acoustic transformer having a larger cross-section coupled to or in contact with the sonic generator than at its other end, at which emulsification takes place, whereby the sonic energy density is increased. With the increased sonic density an emulsion is produced which when burned produces a quality of burn such that the combustion is faster, more complete, and cleaner, with an increase in efficiency even up to 30% of water. The increase in efficiency often equals that obtained by the burning of the same weight of pure fuel in the conventional manner.

Abstract: A refrigeration system in which refrigerant liquid is cooled by self-evaporation and is used for refrigerating in the liquid form, in which the self-evaporation is in stages, each having a vapor compressor, the expansion taking place in enthalpy converting liquid turbines instead of permitting partial vaporization through valves into vapor separators. The enthalpy converting liquid turbines are much more efficient than the adiabatic liquid expansion which is customarily used in refrigeration systems in which a cold liquid cooled by the expansion is evaporated to absorb heat and thus to provide cooling. There is much less irreversibility and hence increase in entropy is reduced, especially when removal of super heat from the compressed vapors in each stage is effected by quenching with a small portion of the refrigerant liquid. A good portion of this heat is recovered as mechanical energy in the enthalpy converting turbines.

Abstract: A fly shuttle loom shuttle box is provided with a solid elastomer binder attached at both ends in place of a conventional pivoted, rigid-backed binder. In one modification there is attached to the end of the binder a pivoted extension which permits use of dagger fingers in the normal position on a loom. The greater force exerted by the binder results in improved shuttle deceleration when it enters the shuttle box. This also eliminates picker stick over throw when accelerating the shuttle, which permits, when in proper adjustment, in some cases elimination of picker stick loom side bumper and check strap without, of course, eliminating their useful functions. As there is a considerable amount of heat developed by the flexing of the solid elastomer, it is desirable to provide for ventilation in the form of a few relatively large holes in the elastomer near its center and adjacent to the leather face of the binder.

Abstract: Knives including a cutting blade and one or more wider non-cutting runners projecting slightly beyond the cutting edge of the blade and preferably at both ends of the knife blade. The runners prevent scratching of a substrate on which the material, normally a comestible, is being cut. On each runner there is provided on either side a beveled ramp inclined toward the adjacent cutting surface which acts very much as a plowshare to push up the material being cut against the cutting blade. This prevents a thin strip of material which would otherwise not reach the cutting blade and is particularly important with comestibles such as meat, which are sufficiently tough to permit forming such a thin strip. Where knives are manufactured, the ramps or plowshares can be incorporated in the knife blade when it is manufactured. However, there is included the provision of attachable runners for knives which have already been made.

Abstract: Waste heat in the form of the sensible heat of flue gases, sensible and latent heat of geothermal sources, etc., is converted to usable energy. When the energy source consists solely of sensible heat of a gas or a liquid which is not the working fluid, the liquid working fluid is heated by the energy source and then expanded in a hot liquid turbine wherein partial vaporization occurs with decrease in pressure. The working fluid is thereby accelerated as thermal energy is converted to kinetic energy and internal energy of the vapor. The hot liquid turbine can be a hot liquid impulse turbine wherein the expansion occurs in the inlet nozzles and the mixed phase working fluid then impinges on the moving buckets of the impulse turbine transferring the kinetic energy to shaft work.

Abstract: A drive for a guide bar on a Raschel knitting machine to permit shogging across the full width of narrow fabrics. The drive is by cam, double lever linkage with adjustment slots and pins at at least two points on the levers. For maximum fabric width, for example significantly wider than 1.25 inches, there is also a minor modification of the guide bar supports themselves. These involve pins, and the pins are enough longer so that the bar can move a greater distance without interfering or striking other portions of the knitting machine.

Abstract: A cloth stuffing chamber or container, preferably a tube with entrance and exit portions, is provided with means for preventing backward movement of the cloth. This means is preferably in the form of a fixed ring at the beginning of the exit portion having around its inner surface at least several segments of wire which are slanted toward the exit portion of the tube. There is provided between the entrance and fixed ring a movable ring with wires or pins also slanting in the same exit direction, which ring is reciprocated by a drive, such as a cam and follower. Cloth is introduced into the entrance portion of the chamber and passes through the two rings, and as the movable ring reciprocates, its slanted wires move the cloth forward on the forward stroke and on the reverse stroke the slanted pins of the fixed ring prevent the cloth from moving backwards.

Abstract: Yarn is treated in an air entangling apparatus having a yarn introducing guide tube through which one or more yarns are fed, a central bore positioned so that the yarn guiding tube enters it at an angle, and an air jet blowing into the central bore substantially at right angles to the axis thereof. The central bore extends through the texturizing block, and the air jet causes air to leave at both ends of the bore. The yarn continues through the bore, leaving at the downstream end. Overfeed of the yarn is kept at a fairly low point, from a fraction of a percent to a maximum of about 10% and the air pressure is also moderately low, preferably from about 6 psig to 12 psig. At least one of the yarns used is a multifilament yarn and treatment with the present apparatus entangles or interlaces the filaments. If two or more yarns are employed, the product is a plied yarn.

Abstract: Improved jet-propelled power boat with a tunnel drive and propeller external to the boat to produce the jet and low lines. The boat is fiberglass, and the front is rounded to prevent cracking when docking or otherwise striking an object. The cockpit is surrounded with a raised deck on all sides, including the rear, and also by raised rails on the inner portion of the deck sides. Cellular plastic flotation is used instead of air chambers, which can puncture, and individual air intakes to a closed engine compartment at a level above the highest part of the deck prevent entry of water that may have splashed into the cockpit.

Abstract: The present invention is an automatic bobbin changer for sewing machines of the lock stitch type having bobbin holders with holder pins and latches. A magazine of full bobbins and cases is positioned adjacent the sewing machine, and a cross slide is provided which is movable from a first position to a second. This slide is provided with two powerful magnets, preferably permanent magnets, which are spaced on the slide so that in one position one magnet is aligned with the sewing machine bobbin holder and the second is aligned with the full bobbin magazine. The two magnets are provided with actuators, preferably fluid operated actuators, which can move the magnets forward so that they contact, respectively, an empty casing in the sewing machine bobbin holder and a full bobbin and casing in the magazine. The two magnets then retract toward the slide and the slide moves to the second position.

Abstract: An infrared line scanning instrument is provided which scans a single line in a field of view of the instrument. The scan is performed by a scanning mirror which is transparent in the visible and reflective in the infrared region of the spectrum. The infrared radiation is applied to an infrared detector which feeds a display in the form of a light-emitting diode array to light an element in the array in accordance with the amplitude of the IR irradiance seen by the instantaneous field of view throughout the scan. The display is superimposed from the back side of the scanning mirror upon the visible field of view seen by the observer and/or a camera. The instrument thus generates a record of the thermal profile of a single line of a viewed target which is spatially correlated with its location on the target.

Abstract: Relatively dilute SO.sub.2 containing gases, such as tail gases from sulfuric acid plants, combustion gases from high sulfur fuels, and the like, are treated with a solvent, such as water, at approximately atmospheric pressures to dissolve the SO.sub.2, and the solution is then stripped at subatmospheric pressure with a gas, such as air, or a reducing gas if the SO.sub.2 is to be finally recovered as sulfur. The sub-atmospheric pressure may be attained by expansion of the stripping gas in a suitable gas expansion machine, and the stripped gas is then recompressed to a pressure, such as substantially atmospheric, at which final utilization of the stripped SO.sub.2 takes place.

Abstract: A hand-held radiometer for non-contact temperature measurement of objects is provided with a probe which is adapted to be mounted on the optical barrel of the radiometer to permit the radiometer to which it is attached to provide contact temperature measurements. The probe comprises a thin plastic film of low thermal mass which is shaped on one end thereof to be easily deformed when brought into contact with a specimen whose temperature is desired to be measured. The inner surface of the plastic film has a high emissivity, and a retainer means is provided on the other end of the thin plastic film for mounting the probe on the optical barrel of the radiometer.

Abstract: A simple optical system collects and applies radiation from a predetermined field of view onto a thermopile detector. The thermopile detector has a plurality of rows of thermocouples having all active junctions with alternate polarity which are aligned in columns of the same polarity, whereby in response to an object moving across the thermopile an output signal is produced of alternately changing polarity. Logic circuitry is provided for processing the signals from the thermopile in a predetermined polarity sequence to discriminate against false alarms and for indicating the presence of an intruder and sounding an alarm.