Abstract: An improved process for separating and removing non-condensible gaseous contaminants (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen and the like) from a conventional halocarbon vapor compression refrigeration system by withdrawing a vapor stream above liquified refrigerant exiting the condenser on the high pressure side of the expansion valve and then processing this vapor by use of a second compression step, followed by condensation into a receiver. The liquid halocarbon from the receiver is returned to the evaporator while the vapor phase is sent to a semipermeable membrane separation unit. The halocarbon enriched effluent from the semipermeable membrane unit is recycled to the inlet side of the second compressor while the non-condensible contaminant enriched stream is vented from the refrigeration system. Such a high pressure purge loop is useful in selectively removing non-condensible gaseous with minimum halocarbon refrigerant loss.

Abstract: An improved vapor degrease characterized by a deep freeboard zone (i.e., freeboard to width ratio of 1.0 to 2.3) containing a three-stage condenser/heat exchanger configuration comprising: a water-cooled lower primary exchanger operating above 32.degree. F. to effect condensation of the bulk of the vapor generated by the boiling sump and a combination of an intermediate exchanger above, but preferably overlapping, the primary exchanger and a dehumidifying third exchanger position just below the top lip of the degreaser, both operating at a temperature below 32.degree.F. (preferably +10.degree. to -30.degree.F.) to effect a reduction in the vapor concentration gradient that controls the rate of vapor diffusion through the freeboard zone. The improved vapor degreaser is particularly useful in reducing vapor losses when using low boiling solvents.

Abstract: Colloidal suspensions of charged polymer particles containing charged metal complexes are prepared from charged polymer colloids by ion exchange. The charged polymer latex particles containing the metal complex are characterized as ranging from about 0.01 to 1.5 micrometers in diameter and containing from about 0.01 to 3.0 millimoles of metal complex per gram of dry polymer and are useful for catalysis of chemical reactions in aqueous dispersions.

Abstract: A finning and thread rolling machine capable of producing an integral finned tube, an extended finned tube or a wrap-on finned tube, whichever is desired, the tubing to be used for extended surface heat transfer. Types of tubes produced are integral low finned tube, bi-metal fin tube with extruded high finned tube on the outer portion, and extruded integral/high finned tube and spiral strip helical wrap-on finned tube. The apparatus also provides a two and three die thread rolling machine for thru-feed threading and form rolling.

Abstract: A fuel conservation device free of moving parts and adapted to be interposed between the carburetor and intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. The device comprises three components or stages: a static vortex generator, an ultrasonic transducer and an electric current carrying wire grid or screen. The static vortex generator creates physical mixing of the air and fuel mixture as well as centrifugally impinging the air and fuel mixture against the ultrasonic transducer(s) for further atomization. Passing through the heated grid promotes thermal vaporization as well as magnetic field perturbation on a molecular level. The resulting increased dispersion and atomization of the fuel into the air improves engine performance including fuel economy and ease of starting.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydrogen fluoride that involves treating anhydrous hydrogen fluoride containing primarily trivalent arsenic impurities with an iodine compound capable of providing iodide ions (e.g., HI) so as to precipitate the arsenic (i.e., as AsI.sub.3) following by separation and recovery (e.g., by distillation or filtration) or purified anhydrous hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydrogen fluoride that involves treating anhydrous hydrogen fluoride containing primarily trivalent arsenic impurities with a sulfur compound capable of providing sulfide ions (e.g., H.sub.2 S) so as to precipitate the arsenic (i.e., as As.sub.2 S.sub.3) followed by separation and recovery (e.g., by distillation or filtration) of purified anhydrous hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydrogen fluoride involving treating anhydrous hydrogen fluoride containing primarily trivalent arsenic impurities with an effective amount of chromium (VI) oxide (i.e., CrO.sub.3) and oxygen such as to oxidize substantially all of the trivalent arsenic to pentavalent arsenic (i.e., As.sup.+3 .fwdarw.As.sup.+5) followed by separation and recovery (e.g., by distillation) of purified anhydrous hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A poster board wall display system comprising a foamed polystyrene board, smaller than the poster board to be hung to the wall, with an opening having a tapered or slanted upper edge to engage a fastener (e.g., nail or hook) protruding from the wall. The outer face of the foamed polystyrene board is equipped with a fastener means (e.g., VELCRO strip) that reversibly engages to the backside of the poster board. In this manner, a poster board can be suspended away from the wall during display and the particular poster boards being displayed can be readily repositioned or changed.

Abstract: A process for relieving pain and novel topical compositions for transdermal delivery of a narcotic analgesic comprising the application to mammalian skin of an effective amount of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## or a pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, where R is --CH.sub.2, ##STR2## or --H and R' and R" are C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 hydrocarbons or --H, in association with a topical pharmaceutical carrier selected from the group consisting of ointments, lotions, pastes, jellies, gels, creams, sprays, aerosols and the like.

Abstract: A multilayered transparent temporary window that can be conveniently and easily installed to cover the opening produced by a broken automobile window or the like comprising two superimposed layers of flexible transparent polymeric film adapted to cover and extend beyond the opening of the window with a thin film layer of transparent adhesive sandwiched between these layers, wherein at least one of the layers of flexible transparent film is perforated along a plurality of preselected lines that form sections or segments of film that can be peeled away, thus exposing the adhesive such as to bond the temporary window in place during use.

Abstract: Novel partially stabilized zirconia ceramic compositions exhibiting improved toughness comprising: a major component consisting of ZrO.sub.2, a minor stabilizing component Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 and an effective amount of a toughening agent (e.g., Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5). The toughness of the tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (e.g., 96% ZrO.sub.2, 3 mole % Y.sub.2 O.sub.3) can be increased nearly three-fold by replacing 1% of the ZrO.sub.2 with Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5. Empirical equations based on ratios of fundamental lattice parameters (e.g. c/a) quantitatively relating to the stability/instability of tetragonal zirconia oxide are disclosed and used in a novel method for improving the toughness of the ceramic compositions.

Abstract: A double containment restraint pipe fitting of fiber reinforced plastic and centrifugally cast pipe comprising an outer containment housing and a coaxially positioned inner carrier housing having coaxially positioned segment of containment pipe and carrier pipe adhesively bonded at each opening of the fitting and a rigid centering ring adhesively bonded to each pipe segment and occupying the annular space therebetween at each opening of the fitting. A make-up fitting for adhesively closing the exterior confinement pipe during installation, assembly and/or repair is also provided.

Abstract: An improved method of inducing a change in the dynamic torque transmission of an electrorheological fluid in response to an electric field at low current comprising the steps of: (a) selecting a nonconductive liquid phase (e.g. high dielectric hydrocarbon oil); (b) dispersing in the nonconductive liquid phase a particulate phase substantially free of adsorbed water (e.g. zeolite); and (c) subjecting the resulting electrorheological fluid to an electric potential in excess of about one kilovolt at a current density of less than about one-third microamp per square inch. Such a method achieves a rate of increase of dynamic transmission of torque per unit voltage, dM/dV, in excess of about 0.034 ft-lbs.times.10.sup.-3 /kV and a ratio of dynamic transmission of torque at an electric field strength of at least 2.4 kV to the dynamic transmission of torque at zero field strength, M/Mo, of at least about 2.

Abstract: A multi-media craft particularly designed and constructed for efficient and economical utilization on land, water and in the air and comprising a light weight body constructed in modular form for economy and power by a removable lightweight engine of the motorcycle type for fuel efficiency and ease of maintenance. The craft is provided with forward and rearward sections constructed in a manner for variable in-flight or in-use alteration or molding thereof for achieving the optimum planar or contour design for the craft as required during variable fluid conditions when airborne, thus providing efficient and safe flying operation for either an unskilled or skilled operator.

Abstract: A method of growing an epitaxial interface comprising the steps of select a crystalline substrate (e.g. Si) characterized by a crystal lattice substantially similar to the crystal lattice to be grown (e.g. CuCl); applying a magnetic field to the crystalline substrate; and growing a crystal layer on the selected substrate in the presence of a magnetic field. Preferably the crystal growth takes place from a liquid phase eutectic mixture (e.g. CuCl/NH.sub.4 Cl) at conditions near the eutectic point. The epitaxial interface produced is very reproducible, uniform and stable, yet the region appears to be highly strained due to the lattice mismatch. Anomalous superdiamagnetism, very low electrical resistivity and the ability to trap and channel light (index of refraction approaching infinity) are observed at the epitaxial interface at essentially ambient conditions suggestive of high temperature superconductivity.

Abstract: A packet-type laminating machine for laminating a flat object between two sheets of protective plastic film, comprising a pair of closely spaced heating platens with a flared opening at one end designed to accept the insertion of a packet-type laminable plastic pouch and a pair of manually driven outlet compression rollers at the other end of the heating platens designed to compress and withdraw the heated laminable plastic pouch wherein all components are adapted to readily insert through openings in or drop into recesses in the tope edges of sidewalls during assembly of the laminator. Such a laminator is extremely efficient to operate and is readily assembled and repaired, leading to reduced operating, maintenance and capital investment costs.

Abstract: Colloidal suspensions of charged polymer particles containing charged metal complexes are prepared from charged polymer colloids by ion exchange. The charged polymer latex particles containing the metal complex are characterized as ranging from about 0.01 to 1.5 micrometers in diameter and containing from about 0.01 to 3.0 millimoles of metal complex per gram of dry polymer and are useful for catalysis of chemical reactions in aqueous dispersions.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a structured meat product that simulates the tere and appearance of the more expensive quality cut by starting from a lower quality primal cut or wholesale cut. The method comprises the steps of separating the individual muscles and adjacent muscle groups of the wholesale cuts; denuding the muscles (e.g., removal of epimysial or perimysial connective tissue and the like); optionally adding binders or additives (e.g., NaCl/Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 ; KCl/MgCl.sub.2 /Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 ; and KCl/CaCl.sub.2 /Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.

Abstract: A process for the therapeutic treatment of cancer patients involving stimulation and promotion of the natural immune system (both T cell and NK cell activity) resisting and inhibiting tumorous growth (cancer) as well as resisting infections (viral, bacterial and fungal) by administering an effective dosage (e.g., 0.25 mg per kilogram of body weight to as low as about 10.sup.-14 mg/kg) of an endogenous endorphin (e.g., leucine-enkephalin and methionine-enkephalin).