Abstract: A switch is described that includes a plunger (20, FIG. 1 ) moveable between up and down position and having upper contacts (22, 24) and lower contacts (26, 28). When the plunger is moved to a down position, opposite ends of the upper contact (22) move down against first and second terminals (12, 14) to interconnect them. When the plunger is moved to an up position, opposite ends of the lower contact (26) move up against the first terminal (12) and a third terminal (16) to interconnect them. The plunger can move within a hole in a circuit board and carry two upper and two lower contacts to connect four terminals in two different ways. Each terminal can include upper and lower terminal pads (120, 122, FIG. 5 ) lying respectively on upper and lower surfaces of the circuit board and interconnected through plated-through holes (124) in the board.

Abstract: A sample injector is provided, which enables changing of the volume of the sample chamber between a very small volume and larger volumes. The injector includes a housing, a stator (16, FIG. 3) mounted in the housing, and a rotor(26) pivotally mounted in the housing, with the stator and rotor having facewise adjacent faces extending perpendicular to the pivot axis. First and second stators are alternately mountable in the housing, with the first stator having a disc element (44, FIG. 3) that includes a storage channel (62) in one of its faces to form an internal storage chamber of small volume. The other, alternate stator has at least one disc element (44X, FIG. 5) that includes a pair of through passages (52X, 56X) therein that are constructed to connect to sample ports (52, 56) of a disc element that hold the opposite ends of an external sample loop (90) to enable the injector to be used with a larger storage volume.

Abstract: A multiple fluid swivel arrangement is described, for connecting stationary undersea pipes to rotatable pipes on a weathervaning ship, which provides ready access to each of the fluid swivels and which minimizes the diameters of the fluid swivels and their seals and other parts. Each of the multiple fluid swivels, except for the uppermost one, includes a largely horizontal arm (40A, FIG. 2) with an inner end (38) that can pivot about a largely vertical axis (32) on a fluid swivel body (33) that is connected to a stationary pipe (12A) extending to a deep underwater location. The outer end (42) of the arm is detachably connected to one of a plurality of couplings (44A, 46A) mounted on the ship. As the ship weathervanes and the arm approaches one of the vertical stationary pipes (12B), the outer end of the arm is disconnected from a coupling (44A), the arm is pivoted until its outer end lies adjacent to a second coupling (46A), and the outer end of the arm is attached to the second coupling.

Abstract: A rotary separator is described, of the type which includes membrane packs lying in a rapidly rotating chamber, which provides ready access to the chamber to change or inspect membrane packs, as well as ready access to at least one dynamic seal. The rotary frame includes upper and lower parts (40, 42) forming a chamber (22) between them and held together by bolts. The lower part (42) is rotatably supported by a pair of bearings (60, 62), but the upper part (40) is not directly supported by bearings. A pair of concentric conduits (20, 30) extend through the lower part, but not the upper part (40). The conduits include an inner conduit in the form of a pipe whose top (86) lies slightly within the chamber and which is sealed thereat by a dynamic seal 80. The top part (40) can be readily removed to provide access to the membrane packs (44) and to the inner conduit seal (80).

Abstract: Apparatus is described for flaring large amounts of natural gas at a location spaced from an offshore production platform. The apparatus includes a spar buoy structure (32, FIG. 1) anchored at a location on the order of 0.1 kilometer from the platform (12) and coupled through an undersea conduit (44) to the platform. The structure is anchored by catenary chains (71-74), and has a ballasted lower portion and a buoyant upper portion to keep the structure upright so the flare (42) always remains high above sea level. The undersea conduit (44) which carries natural gas to the structure, connects to a buoy pipe (66) that extends along the structure, at a location (64) close to the center of gravity (80) of the structure, or at the bottom (keel) of the buoy, to minimize failure from constant structure pivoting. A wide lower part (34) of the structure includes several individually-sealed air-filled chambers (91-98, FIG. 2) spaced along its height. A mechanism (100, FIG.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for resuscitating a person who has suffered cardiac arrest. The method includes threading a balloon through the aorta until it lies along the ascending aorta, and then inflating the balloon (40, FIG. 1) to block the ascending aorta to thereby increase blood flow into the coronary arteries (30, 32). A tube (42) extends through the balloon, and blood-compatible fluid which is preferable oxygen rich, is injected past the balloon to provide additional oxygen-carrying fluid to flow through the coronary arteries when the balloon is inflated. The balloon is repeatedly deflated and inflated, so after a period of perhaps 30 seconds during which blood flows only to the coronary arteries, the balloon is deflated to allow some blood flow to the brain. During the entire procedure, pressure is repeatedly applied to the chest and therefore to the heart to sustain blood circulation.

Abstract: A sterilizer is described that applies ultraviolet light to dental instruments such as slow and fast handpieces, picks, etc., which applies the light largely uniformly to the forward portions of the instruments which are used in patients' mouths. The apparatus includes a plurality of supports (21-24) that are each constructed to hold a dental instrument, with the supports each rotatably mounted on a frame about a different vertical axis (31-34). An ultraviolet light source (18) directs light primarily horizontally at the forward portions of the dental instruments to sterilize them.

Abstract: An assembly is provided for replacing part or all of a toilet flush valve, which facilitates mounting in a variety of toilets and which enables saving of water. The assembly includes an adapter (30, FIG. 6) for mounting on older types of overflow tubes, which includes a ring member (70) having a gap (72) and a leaf spring (80) extending across the gap. After the adapter is moved down along the overflow tube and lies at its base, the spring is pushed in to cause a hook (84) at one end to ride along a ramp (90) from a second tooth (88) to a third tooth (92) and engage the third tooth, to tightly clamp the ring member in place to prevent turning. A closing delay cup (116, FIG. 9) that can be used on a valve member, includes a plurality of holes and at least one plug (126) that is molded to the cup and can be cut off and used to plug one of the holes (120) to adjust the amount of water saved in each flushing. A valve member includes a tank ball having an enlargement (160, FIG.

Abstract: A vacuum assisted toilet is described wherein a vacuum is applied to a toilet bowl outlet during flushing, which avoids malfunctions that could allow sewer gas to escape, and which uses flushing water effectively. The toilet bowl outlet includes upper and lower trap devices (40,44, FIG. 5) coupled by a trapway (42), with the lower trap device forming an unobstructed air passage when no water is moving therethrough but which includes a trapping region (64) that completely fills with water and forms an airflow barrier during flushing. The vacuum source includes a container (72, FIG. 1) in the toilet tank, with the container fixed in place in the tank to lie stationary therein, and with an ordinary flush valve (23) lying outside the container, so substantially the only part of the toilet that moves during flushing is the long developed and reliable flush valve.

Abstract: A headset is provided, of a type which includes a pair of earmuff devices at opposite ends of a head band, which automatically switches an electronic circuit on or off when the headset is placed on the head or taken off, in a simple and rugged construction. Each earmuff device is of the type that includes a largely rigid housing (24, FIG. 3) and a soft resilient cushion (30) mounted on the housing and designed to receive the ear of the wearer and press against the side of the wearer's head which surrounds his ear. A switch (54) connected to the circuit includes an actuating device (60) that is depressed and released along with the cushion. One type of switch (54) is a mechanical type whose actuator device (60) has a front end lying against a rear side (64) of the cushion to be deflected and operate the switch when the cushion is rearwardly deflected during placement on the wearer's head. Another switch includes an electrically conductive element (92, FIG.

Abstract: A rotary filtration apparatus is provided, of the type which includes a multiplicity of membrane packs arranged in a stack on a rotor frame, which facilitates replacement of membrane packs. A membrane pack assembly (16, FIG. 1) includes a multiplicity of membrane packs arranged in a stack between a pair of stack plates (70, 72), and held in compression by several tension members (80) spaced about the pack and coupled to the plates. The rotor frame (14) has top and bottom frame plates (50, 52) and a plurality of tying members (40) tying peripheral portions of the plates together. A sufficient number of the tying members are removable to leave an opening in the frame periphery that is large enough to allow the precompressed membrane stack assembly (16) to be moved radially into the rotor frame, at which time the removed tying members are replaced. The membrane packs can be stacked within a group of tying members (234, FIG. 10), and can be compressed by a compressor (280, FIG.

Abstract: A headset assembly is described, of the type which includes a headband with earphones for delivering sound to the wearer, a microphone into which the wearer talks, and a "push-to-talk" switch that is operated when the wearer wishes to talk, whcih facilitates operation of the switch. The switch (24) has an actuator part (30) extending from one of the sides of the headset, such as the left side, to a location above the left shoulder of the wearer. The wearer activates the switch by lifting his left shoulder to press on the actuator part of the switch. The switch is preferably closed by depressing the actuator part, and extends in a downward-outward direction at an angle of about 30.degree. from the vertical, so the natural lifting of the shoulder causes the shoulder to move along the direction of depression of the switch actuator part.

Abstract: An earthquake detector is provided for mounting on a structural member of a building or the like, which is resistant to false alarms arising from door slamming, traffic, running, sonic booms, etc., and yet which is sensitive to earthquakes and especially to P-waves which often precede destructive S-waves. The apparatus includes a motion detector for generating an alarm signal, which is responsive only to vibrations below a frequency of about 14 Hz, to avoid false alarms from non-earthquake vibrations. The detector can include a cantilevered beam device with a weight on its free end, and which generates a signal as the weight moves up and down, and a filtering circuit that passes primarily signal components of a frequency between 3 and 14 Hz. The beam device preferably is highly damped so its response is only slightly higher at its resonance frequency than at other frequencies.

Abstract: An assembly is provided for replacing part or all of a toilet flush valve, which facilitates mounting in a variety of toilets and which enables saving of water. The assembly includes an adapter (30, FIG. 6) for mounting on older types of overflow tubes, which includes a ring member (70) having a gap (72l ) and a leaf spring (80) extending across the gap. After the adapter is moved down along the overflow tube and lies at its base, the spring is pushed in to cause a hook (84) at one end to ride along a ramp (90) from a second tooth (88) to a third tooth (92) and engage the third tooth, to tightly clamp the ring member in place to prevent turning. A closing delay cup (116, FIG. 9) that can be used on a valve member, includes a plurality of holes and at least one plug (126) that is molded to the cup and can be cut off and used to plug one of the holes (120) to adjust the amount of water saved in each flushing. A valve member includes a tank ball having an enlargement (160, FIG.

Abstract: A system is described for efficiently driving a pipe or pile into the ground. The resonant frequencies of the pile are determined, and a hydraulic actuator is controlled to apply a series of time-spaced shocks to the top of the pile, where each shock has a duration and form tuned to maximize the response at a given resonance. Such shocks result in a greater velocity of the pile at its lower end, than from very short duration shocks such as those of a hammer. In certain soils the hydraulic actuator applies resonant continuous sinusoidal vibrations to the pile, and, upon completion of installation, a refusal test of the installed pile is conducted by applying very brief and spaced shocks by the actuator that simulates hammer blows. Underwater pile driving by a hydraulic actuator avoids the need for additional special watertight structures for the apparatus.

Abstract: A wastewater flotation separation system is provided, which operates effectively with a minimum of maintenance. The apparatus includes a container (12) for holding wastewater, an inlet (14) located at a lower portion of the container, and an aerator (24) adjacent to the inlet for generating air bubbles that cling to waste particles to bring them to the water surface. A skimming apparatus (30) which skims particles off the surface of the wastewater into a sludge receiver (44) includes a beach device (42) with an inclined upper surface (40), and a belt device (34) that moves a series of scrapers (32) along the surface of the water and along the beach device into the sludge discharge. Each scraper includes a flap of resilient material which is bent as it scrapes along the inclined beach surface.