Abstract: Aqueous streams contaminated with minor amounts of organic materials are separated into an aqueous fraction which is concentrated with respect to the organic contaminants and a water fraction relatively free of the organic contaminants by a method which includes a unique combination of reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration (UF). The organic contaminants include substances having molecular weights of less than 10,000 which are soluble in the aqueous stream initially but have limited solubility ranges and are precipitated therefrom upon concentration. The contaminated aqueous stream is circulated from the high pressure compartment of a RO unit to the high pressure compartment of an UF unit, then to the low pressure compartment of the UF unit, and then back to the high pressure compartment of the RO unit.

Abstract: Aqueous cleaning compositions incorporating lithium salts to inhibit foaming.

Abstract: Rigid cellular foam compositions characterized by carbodiimide, isocyanurate and urethane linkages are prepared by the reaction of an organic polyisocyanate with certain oxyalkylated Mannich polyols employing an NCO/OH equivalent ratio of from about 2:1 to 10:1. The use of the oxyalkylated Mannich polyols in the amounts stated eliminates the need for carbodiimide and isocyanurate promoting catalysts.

Abstract: Rigid cellular foams characterized by carbodiimide linkages are prepared by the catalytic condensation of an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a halogen or phosphorus-containing active hydrogen compound to provide urethane modified foams having a skin of improved flame retardancy.

Abstract: Rigid cellular foams characterized by carbodiimide linkages exhibit low friability and excellent flame retardancy when prepared from isocyanates rich in toluene diisocyanate. The forms hereof are prepared by the catalytic condensation of the isocyanates by using either (1) isocyanate quasi-prepolymers or (2) a two-stage process wherein isocyanate and polyol are first reacted to form a urethane-containing intermediate having free isocyanate groups and then the remaining isocyanate groups are converted to carbodiimide groups and isocyanurate groups by the catalytic condensation thereof.

Abstract: New triazine compositions having incorporated therewithin both alkanolamino groups and pendent tertiary amino groups are defined herein. The triazines are prepared by the reaction of (1) an intermediate prepared from either alkyl halides or alkylene oxides and dialkylaminoalkyl primary amines and (2) cyanuric chloride or a derivative thereof. The triazines hereof exhibit excellent catalystic activity in the preparation of rigid cellular foams characterized by carbodiimide linkages.

Abstract: The diaphragm of a chlor-alkali cell has its useful life prolonged by the unplugging thereof. Unplugging is achieved by shifting the pH gradient in the diaphragm toward the catholyte side. Simultaneously with the shifting of the pH gradient, chelates are formed in the anolyte solution from .alpha.-hydroxyketones and .alpha.-hydroxyaldehydes.

Abstract: Printed waste cellulosic stock can be efficiently deinked by pulping the stock in the presence of based on the weight of the stock from 0.5 to 2% by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide and from 0.3 to 0.7% by weight of certain phosphate mono and diesters anionic surfactants.

Abstract: Liquid and solid compositions are provided for souring and imparting softness to freshly laundered textile materials. When in the form of a stable homogeneous liquid, the composition may contain a quaternized fatty amide, a quaternized fatty amine, an aqueous emulsion of partially oxidized polyethylene or a fatty amphoteric compound as a softening agent, a water soluble organic acid containing about 1-20 carbon atoms and having a primary ionization constant between 10.sup..sup.-1 and 10.sup..sup.-5 as the souring agent, and water. When in the form of a stable dry solid, the composition may contain a quaternized fatty amide, a quaternized fatty amine or a fatty amphoteric compound as the softening agent, and a dry solid water soluble organic acid containing 2-20 carbon atoms and having a primary ionization constant between 10.sup..sup.-1 and 10.sup..sup.-5 as the souring agent. Stable homogeneous stock solutions are also prepared from the novel liquid or solid compositions of the invention.

Abstract: Rigid cellular foam compositions characterized by carbodiimide and isocyanurate linkages are prepared by catalytically condensing an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a catalytically sufficient amount of a catalyst system comprising (a) an alkanolaminotriazine, (b) a hexahydrotriazine, and (c) phenol or a substituted phenol.

Abstract: Flexible cellular foam compositions are prepared by reacting in the presence of water an organic compound having at least two active hydrogen atoms with an organic polyisocyanate employing an isocyanate index of from about 130 to about 225 in the presence of a catalytically sufficient amount of certain isocyanate trimerization catalysts. The resulting foam compositions exhibit excellent flame retardant properties.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for the manufacture of foamed polystyrene particles of moderately great density, such as 3 to 25 lbs. per cubic foot (50 to 400 milligrams per cubic centimeter). Beads are fed by a constant-displacement auger to an expander vessel having the form of, in its lowest part, a cylinder with a vertical axis, and thereabove, of a frustrum of an inverted cone having a base angle of about 83.degree. to 70.degree.. Steam is supplied to the vessel in an appropriate, controlled manner. The vessel also contains stator bars, to break lumps and retard the rotation of the material in the vessel, and rotating bars, to provide the necessary agitation. Desirably, the equipment includes a discharge chute of adjustable location, to facilitate adjustment of the residence time and consequently of the density of the expanded beads being produced.

Abstract: Composite cathodes comprising a metal substrate having thereon an intermediate coating of cobalt and an overcoating of ruthenium for use in electrolytic cells for the electrolysis of aqueous alkali metal halide solutions reduces the cell voltage requirements in comparison to the conventional ferrous metal cathodes traditionally used in such cells.

Abstract: By adding to the anolyte of an alkali-brine electrolysis cell of the kind that has a diaphragm of relatively hydrophobic material such as polytetrafluoroethylene, a small quantity of C.sub.8 to C.sub.14 alkyl glycoside, the wetting performance of said anolyte is much improved, and in some instances, good flow of anolyte through the diaphragm is readily re-established, without need for dismantling the cell to re-wet the diaphragm.

Abstract: An end connector for a filter press cell disassociates the mechanical sealing function from the primary electrical connection. The connector includes a boss extension having an aperture formed therein for tightening the connector between the boss and boss extension. The present invention is adaptable for use as an end connector for either the anode or the cathode.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing a plurality of filter press diaphragms at any one time is disclosed herein. In one form of the invention the apparatus includes a sealed housing containing a plurality of sealed modules fed from a common header, to produce the diaphragms batch-wise. In another form of the invention, an indexing table is employed to produce the diaphragms continuously.

Abstract: An acidic, stable, homogeneous, mobile liquid, biodegradable surfactant composition is provided which consists essentially of1. at least one liquid hydrophilic nonionic surfactant,2. at least one substantially salt free liquid biodegradable alkyl benzene sulfonic acid surfactant corresponding to the structural formula: ##SPC1##Wherein n is an integer having a numerical value of from 3 to 14,3. about 0.0001-1% by weight of hydrogen peroxide, and4. about 0-95% by weight of water. The surfactant composition contains a weight ratio of surfactant (1) to surfactant (2) from 1:5 to 5:1, and surfactant (1) has hydrophilic properties whereby the surfactant composition is stable and remains homogeneous in the absence of an added hydrotrope. The hydrogen peroxide is present in an amount to control obnoxious odors and the use of an expensive perfume to mask odors is not necessary.

Abstract: Acid-modified toluene diisocyanate is used to prepare rigid cellular foams characterized by carbodiimide linkages either by a one-shot process or a quasi-prepolymer process. The use of acid-modified toluene diisocyanate exhibits a more controllable reactivity with a one-shot foaming process and more stable quasi-prepolymers when using such systems.

Abstract: Composites based on polyurethane foams heat sealed to a substrate are prepared from polyurethane foams employing a graft polyol as a component of the foam-forming reaction mixture. The resulting composites possess exceptional bonding strength.

Abstract: Highly-stable graft copolymer dispersions are prepared by the in situ polymerization in the presence of a free radical catalyst of a vinyl monomer in a polyol containing an essential amount of unsaturation. The dispersions are low-viscous liquids which may be advantageously employed in the preparation of flexible urethane foams having enhanced load-bearing properties.