Abstract: A plurality of capacitive memory elements are coupled between two pairs of bit line and return line halves. A cross-coupled MOSFET sense amplifier, configured to operate in a race mode, connects between the two bit line/return line pairs. The return line of each bit line/return line pair is coupled to the bit line of the other pair so that when any selected memory element is read to generate a data signal on the bit line half associated with that memory element, the complement of that data signal is coupled to the other bit line half via the return line to increase the signal level differential across the sense amplifier.

Abstract: A polarographic oxygen detection cell of the type having concentric coplanar electrodes. The cell achieves more consistent and predictable operation by using electrode insulators to prevent electrochemical reaction between the areas of high charge density on the cathode and anode conduction disk and those portions of the electrolyte in which increased ion concentration has been attracted by this high charge density, and using the OH.sup.- based electrolyte and a carbon anode so that the reaction at the anode produces gas which can be bled off to avoid altering the composition of the anode or electrolyte.