Abstract: A large area active matrix array (2) is manufactured by providing four substrates (1) each carrying a sub-array (21) having an active area (11) comprising a matrix of switching elements (30) and associated row and column conductors (41) and (42) for enabling addressing of individual switching elements (30). The row and column conductors (41) and (42) terminate in respective connecting leads (41a and 42a) extending beyond the active area (11). A portion (1a) of each substrate (1) and the connecting leads carried is removed so as to form a new substrate edge (1'a) adjacent each of two adjoining edges of the active area (11) and the substrates (1) are mounted onto a support (12) so that each new substrate edge is adjacent another new substrate edge (1'a) to form the large area array (2), thereby allowing the same pixel pitch to be maintained across the array (2). Each sub-array (2') may be fully tested before completion of the array (2) which should allow higher yields.

Abstract: A stepper motor of the permanent-magnet sheet-metal type is constructed of a number of modules, simplifying assembly. The modular parts include a stator having integrally-molded winding bobbins and pole pieces. A rotor mounted in the stator includes a barrier member which separates a plastic, threaded hub molded interiorly from a permanent magnet molded exteriorly. A shaft having a first threaded end rotatably engaged with the interior of the rotor hub has a rectangular central portion extending through a rectangular opening of the stator to convert rotary motion of the rotor to linear motion of the shaft. An opposite end of the shaft includes a molded head and a tubular shield extending from the head. This shield and a tubular portion of the stator molding define a labyrinthal passage which inhibits the passage of contaminants into the rotor. A housing of the motor and a rotatably attached flange include engagable portions to lock the flange at a desired angular position.

Abstract: Picture display device having a vacuum envelope for displaying pictures composed of pixels on a luminescent screen, comprising a plurality of juxtaposed sources for producing electrons, local electron ducts cooperating with the sources and having walls of electrically insulating material with a secondary emission coefficient suitable for electron transport for transporting, through vacuum, produced electrons in the form of electron currents through juxtaposed trajectories at a short distance from the luminescent screen, and means for withdrawing each electron current at predetermined locations from its duct and directing it towards a desired location on the luminescent screen for producing a picture composed of pixels.

Abstract: A capped electric lamp for use at mains voltage includes a lamp vessel (1), a lamp cap (10) and a mounting member (40). The lamp cap has a shell (20) and an insulator body (30), the shell being secured to the lamp vessel by an adhesive compound. The insulator body is secured to the shell. Current supply conductors (6) extend from the lamp vessel and through the insulator body, and where they emerge therefrom are connected to contact pins (31) which are anchored in the insulator body. The contact pins extend through the mounting member (40) and are secured in cavities (32) in the insulator body. The mounting member may have various different shapes, e.g., it may be composed of two parts, one of which is rotatably supported in the other. Such a lamp construction is reliable and easily manufactured.

Abstract: A search radar system, is provided which includes at least one search radar device (1) having a primary antenna (2) and at least one secondary radar device (3) having an SSR/IFF antenna (4). The radar devices (1, 3) independently supply plot data from which signals are derived that are each suitable for presentation on a radar display. The antennas (2, 4) are oriented in opposite directions so that the said signals are derived from individual plot data representing successive detections by the respective antennas of the same target which can be individually presented. Hence, the data rate of the radar system is doubled relative to a conventional radar system having a conventional secondary radar device and a conventional antenna system.

Abstract: For the determination of the position of a vehicle, navigation parameters are measured, with which periodically dead reckoning coordinates are calculated, which are compared to topographical and traffic technical information stored in a global data base. A local navigation data base is being kept and updated, containing relevant sub-information from the global data base. Using the dead reckoning coordinates test steps are performed on route segments from the local navigation data base, on the basis of which route segments forming possibly driven routes, are stored in a data structure and pseudo-segments are derived from consecutively calculated dead reckoning coordinates which form a pseudo-route and are stored in a further data structure. By comparing the route segments in the data structure and the pseudo-segments in the further data structure a well-founded correction vector for the dead reckoning coordinates is periodically determined.

Abstract: A position sensing apparatus is provided for magnetically sensing the angular positon of a shaft about an axis. The apparatus includes first and second magnetic assemblies which are rotatable relative to each other. Each of these assemblies has spaced-apart magnetic members which are magnetically coupled to each other. The members in one of the assemblies are coupled through a Hall cell.

Abstract: A stepper motor of the permanent-magnet sheet-metal type is constructed of a number of modules, simplifying assembly. The modular parts include a stator having integrally-molded winding bobbins and pole pieces. A rotor mounted in the stator includes a barrier member which separates a plastic, threaded hub molded interiorly from a permanent magnet molded exteriorly. A shaft having a first threaded end rotatably engaged with the interior of the rotor hub has a rectangular central portion extending through a rectangular opening of the stator to convert rotary motion of the rotor to linear motion of the shaft. An opposite end of the shaft includes a molded head and a tubular shield extending from the head. This shield and a tubular portion of the stator molding define a labyrinthal passage which inhibits the passage of contaminants into the rotor. A housing of the motor and a rotatably attached flange include engagable portions to lock the flange at a desired angular position.

Abstract: The lamp/reflector unit has a reflector body (1) provided with a neck-shaped portion (4) with relief (6). An electric lamp (7) provided with contact pins (8) is mounted in the reflector body (1). The neck-shaped portion (4) has a separate first part (9), which extends from the free end (5) of the neck-shaped portion (4) to beyond the relief (6), and a second part (10), which is integral with the reflector body (1) and which lies at least in part within the first part (9). The unit has a simple and rigid construction.

Abstract: In addition to a first opening (11) forming a primary output from a waveguide cavity (10) of a microwave oscillator, a coupling aperture (12) in a reflective wall (32) provides a secondary output which does not degrade the performance or tuning characteristics of the source. Less than -20 dB of the source power may be coupled out via the aperture (12) and is used in a feed-back loop (12,21,23,24,36) with an harmonic mixer (21) and frequency discriminator (24) to stabilize the source. The mixer comprises a further waveguide section (15) separated from the source cavity (10) by the reflective wall (32). An advantageous mixer assembly comprises a circuit substrate which is mounted across the further waveguide cavity (15) and which carries an inductive probe by which the signal from the coupling aperture (12) is fed to an antiparallel pair of mixer diodes on the substrate. The whole assembly may be bolted together through holes (34).

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprising an electron gun having two oppositely arranged conductor patterns. In operation, the electron beams (or electron beam) move between the conductor patterns. It has been found that the electron-optical functions, such as focusing and converging the electron beams, which are fulfilled by electrodes in a conventional gun can be fulfilled by two flat-conductor patterns. Said conductor patterns can be accurately manufactured and arranged relative to each other. This enables the manufacture of complicated lens systems.

Abstract: A simple self-oscillating mixer circuit is provided, suitable for forming with an antenna (21) the complete front end of an inexpensive short-range FMCW radar. A modulating signal (40), e.g. from a sweep generator (44), is applied to a control terminal (14) to sweep the RF output (R) of the self-oscillating mixer SOM (10). A cancellation circuit (6 to 9) is connected between the control terminal (14) and an IF output line (13) to remove a corresponding modulation (41) which occurs on the IF line (13) and so to generate a substantially demodulated IF output signal (I). Advantageously a grounded-source MESFET in a feed-back network forms the SOM (10) and has the IF output line (13) taken from its gate. In this case the IF modulation (41) is inverted with respect to the modulating signal (40), and so the cancellation is achieved by adding the modulating signal (40) to the modulated IF output signal (41), e.g. via a resistor network 6 to 8.

Abstract: A capped lamp/reflector unit has a reflector body, an electric lamp whose electric element is aligned with respect to the reflector and a cap from which contact pins extend. Within the cap the pins have a widened portion having an end face transverse to the optical axis of the reflector body. The current supply conductors of the electric lamp are cut to length transverse to the axis and butt-welded to the contact pins at the widened portion.

Abstract: Electric discharge element comprising a cathode which cooperates with an electron duct cavity which is defined by walls of electrically insulating material having a secondary emission coefficient .delta., which cavity has an output aperture, while electrode means which can be connected to a voltage source are provided for applying, in operation, an electric field across a path in the cavity from the cathode to the output aperture so as to enable electron transport through the cavity.

Abstract: An FMCW radar transmits a signal the frequency of which repeatedly sweeps upwards and downwards at a rate .alpha.. Any target returns are applied to a mixer (6) which is also supplied with a sample of the transmitted signal. During each sweep the mixer output signal is therefore a beat frequency signal the frequency components of which correspond to respective targets. The spectrum of the beat frequency signal is analysed by an FFT-calculating arrangement (16) and the result is applied to a data processor (18) which calculates the ranges of the targets. The constant of proportionality between beat frequency and range is inversely proportional to .alpha., which is subject to uncertainty. In order to resolve this uncertainty, or correct .alpha. to the required value, the velocity of a given radially moving target is calculated in two different ways: from the perceived Doppler shift and from the rate of charge of the beat frequency component due to that target, only one of these being a function of .alpha..

Abstract: A multi-standard display device having a liquid crystal display screen has so far only been realized by using all kinds of interpolation techniques. To make the number of rows and columns of the display screen independent of the incoming video signal and yet provide the possibility of displaying the various television standards without any disturbing errors, the incoming video signal is applied to the display screen via a scan-conversion circuit. The scan-conversion circuit reads in the video information in a first direction and subsequently reads it out in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, for example, with storage in a memory. The video information is subsequently applied in the second direction to the row driver of the display screen, which row driver applies the video information to the display screen per column and under the control of the column driver.

Abstract: Picture display device comprising a display tube with an electron gun having a hollow tubular structure with an inner surface on which a resistance structure of a material having a high electrical resistance is provided, which structure constitutes a focusing lens. The resistance structure is connected to at least two axially spaced electric contacts for connecting an anode voltage and at least one electric contact located in between for applying a focusing voltage. An electrode means of low-ohmic material for controlling the focusing lens by means of a dynamic correction signal is arranged in the region of the connection for the focusing voltage. Upon energization, the low-ohmic electrode means particularly exercises a non-rotationally symmetrical effect on the electron beam.

Abstract: This equalization arrangement has an input (1) for a signal to be equalized (A) and an output (30) for producing an equalized signal (B), which arrangement is formed, on one hand, by at least a correction element (5, 10) having an input for a signal to be corrected, an output for a corrected signal and a control terminal for receiving control information (10, 20) determining the correction to be made and, on the other hand, an equalization measuring circuit (22) intended to measure the equalization caused by the arrangement so as to produce said control information. An element is constituted on the basis of a hybrid circuit (50, 51) having accesses (A1) for the signal to be corrected and the corrected signal (A3) and auxiliary accesses (A2, A4) into which at least a reflecting circuit (54, 56-59) is inserted having a variable reflection as a function of said control information.

Abstract: A stepper motor of the permanent-magnet sheet-metal type is constructed of a number of modules, simplifying assembly. The modular parts include a stator having integrally-molded winding bobbins and pole pieces. A rotor mounted in the stator includes a barrier member which separates a plastic, threaded hub molded interiorly from a permanent magnet molded exteriorly. A shaft having a first threaded end rotatably engaged with the interior of the rotor hub has a rectangular central portion extending through a rectangular opening of the stator to convert rotary motion of the rotor to linear motion of the shaft. An opposite end of the shaft includes a molded head and a tubular shield extending from the head. This shield and a tubular portion of the stator molding define a labyrinthal passage which inhibits the passage of contaminants into the rotor. A housing of the motor and a rotatably attached flange include engagable portions to lock the flange at a desired angular position.

Abstract: A display tube comprising a deflection unit having a field deflection coil 12 and a line deflection coil 11. Field-guiding elements 17 and 18 are arranged between the field deflection coil 12 and the line deflection coil 11 in such a manner that they produce little or no vibration.