Abstract: A semiconductor package for containing two individual devices such that they may be externally connected in a push-pull relationship. Two transistors, each having an input and output pad are formed on the same dielectric wafer, in a spaced relationship with each other and a ground plane so as to form two separate transmission line paths. The transistors are wired either in a grounded emitter or grounded base configuration. A shunt inductor is formed by a metallized strip or lead bond from the collector of one transistor to the collector of the other transistor. This inductor reduces the influence of the parasitic capacitance in the equivalent output circuit of the transistors. Since the collectors of both transistors are at the same DC level it is not necessary to include a DC blocking capacitor in series with the inductor.

Abstract: For a grid-controlled electron source to operate at extremely high frequencies, as in planar triodes, the control grid must be situated very close to the emissive cathode. Mechanical and thermal distortions have put minimum limits on grid spacings and hence on the maximum operating frequency of grid-controlled tubes. To overcome these limits the grid structure is formed as a network of web members which are part of a laminated sheet having metal layers bonded to opposite surfaces of an insulating layer. One metal layer is affixed to the emissive surface of a metallic matrix cathode and the other metal layer forms the control grid.

Abstract: Ring-and-bar slow wave electronic interaction circuits of the singly and/or doubly connected variety are supported from a surrounding conductive barrel structure via the intermediary of ceramic comb structures which extend along the slow wave circuit. The ceramic "teeth" of the comb structure are brazed at their ends to the connecting bars of the slow wave circuit to enhance thermal conduction from the circuit. The free space between the teeth avoids excessive dielectric loading of the circuit. The "spines" of the ceramic combs are brazed to the barrel to provide good thermally conductive paths from the combs to the barrel for cooling of the slow wave circuit. A microwave tube employing a doubly connected ring-and-bar circuit, supported as aforedescribed, provides a high power structure having a small signal gain bandwidth between 3.7 db points of 6 GHz at Ku band.

Abstract: An oscillator for very high microwave or millimeterwave frequencies employs a pair of negative-resistance semiconductive devices, each mounted in its own resonant cavity. The two cavities are coupled together by an iris in their common wall. An output waveguide is coupled symmetrically to both sides of the common wall to load both cavities equally. An adjustable mode-control element projects into the cavity to the near vicinity of one of the devices to induce the oscillator to start in the desired mode. Additional dielectric or metallic tuners in the cavities provide a wide variation of frequency.

Abstract: A field effect transistor (FET) preferably employs an epitaxial layer of indium gallium arsenide as its active layer. On the surface of the active layer, ohmic source and drain contacts are spaced from respectively opposite sides of a Schottky barrier (rectifying) gate electrode. The active layer is grown over an epitaxial transition layer which is graded from gallium arsenide to indium gallium arsenide and is doped with chromium or oxygen to be semi-insulating. The transition layer is in turn formed over a bulk, intrinsic layer of gallium arsenide. High speed operation of the FET is obtainable because the active layer has excellent electron transport characteristics. Other materials suitable for the active layer are indium arsenide phosphide and indium gallium arsenide phosphide.

Abstract: In a coaxial magnetron the resonant circuit interacting with the electrons is coupled to a stabilizing resonator operating in a mode with circular electric field. The coupling is thru a set of slots in the intervening wall. Undesirable resonances localized in the slots are damped by lossy material at the ends of the slots. Undesirable damping of the cavity mode is prevented by a conducting shield covering exposed area of the lossy material and spaced into the cavity away from the slots.

Abstract: A traveling-wave amplifier tube adapted for use as a booster of transmitted signals has very small internal circuit attenuation so that it may be used without an electron beam as a transparent, passive path for low transmitter power. When the booster tube's beam is excited, the signal is amplified about 10dB. Upper bandedge instabilities in the lossless tube are inhibited by a lower cutoff frequency of the circuit near the output end than near the input end, so that bandedge power can flow both ways out of the large-signal output end.

Abstract: A coaxial line has a conductive surrounding shield connected from a first to a second point thereon. The outer conductor of the coaxial line shield is discontinuous at an intermediate point inside the shield so that it has two intermediate ends or terminals therein. A radio frequency signal applied to one end of the electrically unbalanced coaxial line will be supplied on the balanced intermediate terminals through a broadband transformation by the coaxial line with its shield, which constitutes a balun (balancing transformer). The length of each part of the coaxial line, from each intermediate terminal to the first and second points, is preferably one-quarter wavelength at the center frequency of an applied frequency band.The coaxial line may be used with another coaxial line mounted orthogonally to the first line, with both lines mounted within a common enclosure or shield, thereby to provide a dual balun.

Abstract: The device is a translucent plastic mask or overlay which fits over the keyboard of the computer input/output station to label the keys with their functions according to the selected mode of operation. A projecting portion along one of the edges of the mask extends into a slot adjacent the keyboard where a series of code segments forms an optical code which is read by a corresponding series of lamp and photocell pairs to provide the computer with the information to cause its mode of operation to correspond with the keyboard legends.

Abstract: A body of p-type indium phosphide, which was heretofore difficult to contact in a reliable low resistance manner, is ohmically contacted by an alloy contact of bismuth with preferably 2% zinc. The alloy contact is effected by placing a small pellet of the Bi-Zn alloy on the surface of the p-type InP body and then alloying at a preferred temperature of 360.degree. C for 20 seconds.

Abstract: Travelling wave tubes designed to operate interchangeably at low power cw and high pulsed power have grids to gate the pulses and to switch the peak beam current between two values. To preserve optimum beam-focus conditions, the beam diameter should be simultaneously switched. A grid covering the central region of a concave cathode draws the low-current, small beam for cw operation or the central part of a large pulsed beam. A second grid controls added pulsed emission from the surrounding annular region of te cathode. To provide the proper ratio of beam sizes and uniform cathode loading, the cathode has radially varying radius of curvature. A hyperboloid of revolution is a good shape.

Abstract: A cell for converting received light energy to electrical energy comprises, in the simplest embodiment, four layers of differing types of semiconductive material stacked so as to form three opposite conductivity junctions. The outer two, "active", junctions are formed of confronting layers with matched lattice constants so as to provide a plurality of energy converters. The center, "connective", junction is formed by two confronting intermediate layers which have purposely mismatched lattice constants so as to provide a lattice defect site surrounding the center junction. Majority carriers (electrons and holes) will recombine at the lattice defects. This will cause the connective junction, although of apparently reverse-biased opposite conductivity type layers, to act as a low resistance ohmic connection or substantial short circuit so as to connect the energy converting portions in series.

Abstract: A grid-controlled electron tube is constructed with a common anode and an array of individual cathode-grid modules. The simple modules can be built with greater accuracy than large, complex electrodes. The modules can be individually tested before final assembly, and can be individually replaced in case of a failure during construction or later operation. In a preferred embodiment, the cathode is a cylindrical filament surrounded by a coaxial grid, each grid turn being mounted to a common support on the side opposite the anode. In a tetrode embodiment, additional focusing bars at the sides of the grid direct electrons into beams which pass between large screen-grid wires.

Abstract: A Microwave reflection amplifier having improved gain, bandwidth and noise characteristics, uses two negative-resistance diodes, such as Gunn-effect diodes, connected in series across the terminals. The diodes are series resonated by inductance in their leads. The gain and bandwidth are higher than in amplifiers using a single diode. A shunt-resonant circuit is connected across one diode to improve the gain-bandwidth. A second shunt-resonant circuit may be connected across the terminals. At very high frequencies, the amplifier uses strip-line or microstrip circuitry and the shunt resonators are half-wavelength transmission lines.

Abstract: The device, which may be connected either directly to the computer itself or which may form a part of a remotely located input/output station, includes electronic signal generation circuits for generating a signal indicative of the receipt of data being inputted by a human operator, and an error signal indicative that some error in procedure, particularly data input in the wrong mode has been made. These electronic signals are fed to a loudspeaker to produce an audible output.

Abstract: A solar energy converter uses gallium arsenide photovoltaic cells to convert light to direct current. Optical concentrators reduce the needed area of cells. Gallium arsenide retains high conversion efficiency up to several hundred degrees, so the waste heat may be used to produce mechanical power in a Rankine cycle engine.

Abstract: Intensifier tubes for x-rays or low-light levels form an image of photoelectrons which is focused on a fluorescent viewing screen. Stray magnetic fields, including the earth's field, bend the electron trajectories and distort the image. Magnetic shielding has been used around the tube, leaving the image-receiving end open. Magnetic field leaking through the open end is reduced by extending the end of the shield around the image-receiving aperture inward and forward of the edge of the tube.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell has an active portion comprising at least one active layer of a IIIA-VA compound having a p-n junction adjacent an upper surface thereof and an overlying epitaxially grown passivating layer of the quaternary alloy AlGaAsP. The passivating layer has a substantially higher bandgap than the active layer so that it is transparent to photons to which the active layer is sensitive. The lattice constant of this passivating layer can be made the same as that of the active layer, thereby to improve efficiency and device performance by reducing surface recombinations of generated carriers, such that a greater percentage of generated carriers will reach the p-n junction and provide useful output electrical energy. The active portion comprises a GaAs layer covered by an AlGaAsP passivating layer, and the AlGaAsP passivating layer can be lattice matched to the GaAs layer.

Abstract: Klystron cavities having linearly movable tuning elements are tuned simultaneously by a single master control which tilts a tuner drive platform. The motion is transmitted to individual cavity tuners by drive elements on the platform at selectable distances from its tilting axis so that the tuning rate of each cavity may be selected for proper tracking with the others. Individual position adjustments of each tuner allow exact setting at a selected reference frequency. The combination of the two sets of independent adjustments permits the resonant frequencies and tuning rates to be independently set at a given reference frequency, or alternately the resonant frequencies may be aligned at two different reference frequencies. Thus the cavity frequencies are made to track during continuous tuning over a wide range.

Abstract: The electron gun includes a spherically concave cathode emitter with a pair of axially spaced spherically concave focus and control grids closely spaced overlaying the cathode emitter for controlling the beam current. The grids are supported from a common thermally conductive tubular grid support structure via the intermediary of first and second annular members one of which is a thermally conductive insulator. One or more of the grids are serrated about their peripheries to define a plurality of radially directed fingers bonded to the end of a respective annular grid support member. In an alternative embodiment, the end of the annular grid support member, as bonded to the serrated grid, is castellated to accommodate differences in thermal expansion between the grid and the annular grid support member.