Abstract: Ethylene and maximum benzene are co-produced via a combination process involving (1) thermal cracking, or pyrolysis, (2) aromatic hydrocarbon separation, or extraction, and, (3) dealkylation of alkyl-substituted aromatics to yield additional benzene. Unconverted feed paraffins are recycled to thermal cracking for additional ethylene and benzene production.

Abstract: A process for the acid-catalyzed alkylation of an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with an olefinic hydrocarbon is disclosed. The alkylation is effected at alkylation reaction conditions resulting in an alkylation reaction mixture containing a vapor phase generated by the exothermic heat of reaction. The vapor phase so generated has a cooling effect permitting the alkylation reaction to be effected at lower temperatures more conducive to higher quality alkylation product.

Abstract: A method of reactivating a catalytic composite of an adsorptive carrier material and a metal chelate mercaptan oxidation catalyst is disclosed. The deactivated catalytic composite is washed with an aqueous quaternary ammonium compound solution at a temperature of from about 55.degree.-175.degree. C.

Abstract: Linear primary aldehydes and alcohols are produced from linear monoolefinic hydrocarbons. The monoolefinic hydrocarbon is treated in admixture with carbon monoxide and hydrogen and in contact with an aluminum catalyst and a Group VIII metal hydroformylation catalyst.

Abstract: An improved process for sweetening of sour hydrocarbons in a fixed bed treating process wherein the hydrocarbons containing mercaptans contact a phthalocyanine catalyst on charcoal in the presence of a basic medium and oxygen. The improvement is use of a tetra-alkyl guanidine to supply the basic medium, instead of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution customarily used.

Abstract: A method of treating a sour petroleum distillate for the conversion of mercaptans contained therein is disclosed. The distillate is treated in contact with an oxidizing agent and a catalytic composite comprising a metal chelate mercaptan oxidation catalyst impregnated on a basic anion exchange resin.

Abstract: A catalytic composite comprising a metal chelate mercaptan oxidation catalyst and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide impregnated on a solid adsorptive support is disclosed. The quaternary ammonium hydroxide is represented by the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical containing up to about 20 carbon atoms and selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl, R.sub.1 is a substantially straight-chain alkyl radical containing from about 5 to about 20 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, alkaryl, and aralkyl. The catalytic composite is particularly adapted to the oxidation of mercaptans contained in a sour petroleum distillate.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for removing trace acidic compounds from liquid hydrocarbons. Traces of acidic compounds, including carboxylic acids, H.sub.2 S, naphthenic acids, et al., are present in most hydrocarbon streams. The presence of these acidic compounds is considered deleterious to accepted product specifications. The trace acidic compounds which interfere are removed via injection of a dilute aqueous alkaline solution into the hydrocarbon stream and passage of this stream through a coalescing bed.

Abstract: A multiple-stage process for the conversion of a heavy hydrocarbonaceous charge stock, contaminated by the inclusion of sulfurous and nitrogenous compounds, into lower-boiling hydrocarbon products. Fresh feed and hydrogen are introduced into a catalytic hydrorefining reaction zone to convert the contaminants into ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Hydrorefined product effluent is admixed with the effluent from a catalytic hydrocracking reaction zone, and separated into various product streams. Hydrocarbons boiling above the predetermined end boiling point of the desired end product and hydrogen are introduced into the catalytic hydrocracking reaction zone for conversion to lower-boiling hydrocarbons. Hydrocracked effluent is admixed with the hydrorefined effluent as aforesaid.

Abstract: An improved process for the simultaneous separation of sulfur and nitrogen oxides from a gaseous mixture containing said oxides and oxygen is disclosed. The gaseous mixture and ammonia are contacted with a solid sulfur oxides acceptor comprising copper, copper oxide, or mixture thereof dispersed on a carrier material in combination with a nitrogen oxides conversion catalyst consisting of a rare earth metal, metal oxide or mixture thereof.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of a dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon is disclosed. The hydrocarbon is passed in contact with a germanium-promoted platinum group metal catalyst at dehydrogenation reaction conditions, said catalyst having been prepared by impregnating a porous high surface area carrier material with a non-aqueous solution of a platinum group metal and a halo-substituted germane containing less than about 4 halo substituents, and drying, calcining and reducing the impregnated carrier material.

Abstract: An improved process for the simultaneous separation of sulfur and nitrogen oxides from a gaseous mixture containing said oxides and oxygen is disclosed. The gaseous mixture and ammonia are contacted with a solid sulfur oxides acceptor comprising copper, copper oxide, or mixture thereof dispersed on a carrier material in combination with ruthenium and rhenium or the oxides thereof.

Abstract: A method of preparing a supported metal phthalocyanine catalyst is disclosed. A metal phthalocyanine is impregnated on a solid adsorptive support from an aqueous impregnating solution or dispersion of said metal phthalocyanine containing from about 5 to about 50 wt. ppm. morpholine. The prepared catalyst is particularly useful in the treatment of a sour petroleum distillate or fraction.

Abstract: A catalytic composite comprising a metal chelate mercaptan oxidation catalyst and an alkanolamine hydroxide impregnated on a solid adsorptive support is disclosed.

Abstract: A catalytic composite comprising a metal chelate mercaptan oxidation catalyst and a quaternary ammonium salt impregnated on a solid adsorptive support is disclosed. The quaternary ammonium salt is represented by the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical containing up to about 20 carbon atoms and selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl, R.sub.1 is a substantially straight-chain alkyl radical containing from about 5 to about 20 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, alkaryl, and aralkyl, and X is an anion selected from the group consisting of halide, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, phosphate, acetate, citrate and tartrate. The catalytic composite is particularly adapted to the oxidation of mercaptans contained in a sour petroleum distillate.

Abstract: A process for treating a mercaptan-containing sour petroleum distillate is disclosed. The process comprises passing said distillate in admixture with an oxidizing agent through a fixed bed of a supported mercaptan oxidation catalyst at oxidation conditions in the presence of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide.

Abstract: A process for treating a mercaptan-containing sour petroleum distillate is disclosed. The process comprises contacting said distillate with a supported metal phthalocyanine catalyst in the presence of an alkaline reagent at oxidation conditions, said catalyst having been prepared by impregnating said phthalocyanine on a solid adsorptive support from an aqueous solution or dispersion of said phthalocyanine containing from about 5 to about 50 wt. ppm. morpholine.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic dehydrocyclization of a dehydrocyclizable hydrocarbon is disclosed. The hydrocarbon is passed in contact with a germanium-promoted platinum group metal catalyst at dehydrocyclization reaction conditions, said catalyst having been prepared by impregnating a porous high surface area carrier material with a non-aqueous solution of a platinum group metal compound and a halo-substituted germane containing less than 4 halo substituents and drying and calcining the impregnated carrier material.

Abstract: A process for treating a mercaptan-containing sour petroleum distillate is disclosed. The process comprises contacting said distillate with a supported metal phthalocyanine catalyst in the presence of an alkaline reagent at oxidation conditions, said catalyst having been prepared by impregnating a solid adsorptive support with a common alcoholic solution of a metal phthalocyanine and a carboxylic acid.

Abstract: An improved method of preparing silica-alumina macrospheres is disclosed. An alkali metal silicate solution is acidified with a strong mineral acid and a weak organic acid. The resulting silica sol is admixed with an acidic alumina sol and urea and the mixture is dispersed as droplets in a hot oil bath with the formation of firm spheroidal hydrogel particles. The method insures the formation of firm hydrogel particles which will retain their structural integrity during further processing. The hydrogel spheres are aged, washed, dried and calcined in accordance with prior art methods.