Abstract: The a surface of an object is illuminated in sequence with a number of light beams, each of which is nearly tangential to the surface. Images of the surface are recorded for each light beam, and the images are analyzed to identify features such as depressions in the surface.

Abstract: Sonar imaging data is reduced by assigning partially reflective and/or opaque two dimensional areas for each data point to a series of planes. The reflectivity and/or transmission of light from the areas is calculated and used to construct an image.

Abstract: A method of predicting photostability of coatings with various dopants on titanium dioxide pigment particles is disclosed. Calculations of the density of states show that a doped coating which reduces the density of states near the band edge or increases the density of states within the band gap of the pigment particles increases the photostability of the doped pigment.

Abstract: A method of predicting photostability of coatings with various dopants on titanium dioxide pigment particles is disclosed. Calculations of the density of states show that a doped coating which reduces the density of states near the band edge or increases the density of states within the band gap of the pigment particles increases the photostability of the doped pigment.

Abstract: Sonar three dimensional data are represented by a two dimensional image. Pixels of the two dimensional image are emphasized if the if the three dimensional data associated with the pixel differ by more than a criterion from the three dimensional data associated with neighboring pixels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rutile titanium dioxide pigment for use in decorative laminating papers that yields higher opacity of the papers compared to the prior art, as well as a method for its manufacture. The pigment displays a surface coating that contains aluminum phosphate, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and titanium oxide. The silicon oxide is precipitated in fluffy form. The coated particles display a BET value of at least 15 m2/g. The manufacturing method is characterized in that an aluminum and a phosphorus component are first added to a TiO2 suspension. Thereafter, an alkaline silicon component, an acid-reacting titanium component and, optionally, a further pH-regulating component are added, the pH value being set in the range from 4 to 9 in this context.

Abstract: A complex micromirror or LCD array device that performs complex optical or electro-optical transforms is described. Both real and imaginary parts of a light beam are modulated in amplitude to give a spatially and temporally modulated beam.

Abstract: A magnetically focused scanning charged particle microscope having an array detector placed to detect scattered particles, wherein the particles fall substantially non-tangentially to the surface of the array detector.

Abstract: A method of predicting photostability of coatings with various dopants on titanium dioxide pigment particles is disclosed. Calculations of the density of states show that a doped coating which reduces the density of states near the band edge or increases the density of states within the band gap of the pigment particles increases the photostability of the doped pigment.

Abstract: Vacancies and dopant ions are introduced near the surface of a semiconductor layer structure. Implanted dopant ions which diffuse by an interstitialcy mechanism have diffusivity greatly reduced, which leads to a very low resistivity doped region and a very shallow junction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a titanium dioxide-based photocatalyst containing carbon that is highly photoactive in visible light (vlp-TiO2) and to a method of manufacture. The vlp-TiO2 is manufactured by mixing a fine grained titanium compount (BET?50 m2/g) with an organic carbon compound and subsequent thermal treatment at temperatures up to 350° C. The carbon content amounts to 0.05 to 4% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 0.8% by weight. The product is characterized by an ESR spectrum which displays only one significant signal in the g value range from 1.97 to 2.05 at g about 2.003. The inventive photocatalyst can be used for to degrade contaminants and pollutants in liquids and gases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a titanium dioxide-based photocatalyst containing carbon that is highly photoactive in visible light (vlp-TiO2) and to a method of manufacture. The vlp-TiO2 is manufactured by mixing a fine grained titanium compound (BET?50 m2/g) with an organic carbon compound and subsequent thermal treatment at temperatures up to 350° C. The carbon content amounts to 0.05 to 4% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 0.8% by weight. The product is characterized by an ESR spectrum which displays only one significant signal in the g value range from 1.97 to 2.05 at g about 2.003. The inventive photocatalyst can be used for to degrade contaminants and pollutants in liquids and gases.

Abstract: A method of automatically performing a patch test for a sonar system is disclosed, where data from a plurality of overlapping 3D sonar scans of a surface as the platform is moved are used to compensate for biases in mounting the sonar system on the platform.

Abstract: Data recorded by directing a single sonar beam pulse towards a surface, and recording the reflected sonar signals with a large plurality of detectors, is used to generate a mathematical representation of the surface. The mathematical representation of the surface is chosen to fit the recorded data according to a criterion such as a least squares fit of a plane to the recorded data points. A mathematical representation of on object is built up from a number of non-overlapping mathematical objects such as triangles, each triangle joined to adjoining triangles to form a continuous surface in three dimensions. Images of such mathematical representations are then presented to the observer.

Abstract: An m×n fan out device for receiving at least m=2 laser beams of different wavelengths and dividing the power of each laser beam into at least two other laser beams directed to at least one of n exit ports of the fan out device is disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for operating multimedia computers to provide e-commerce voice communication capability directly between any computer connected to a computer network such as the Internet and any telephone device connected to the PSTN are disclosed. A simple click and call method is enabled by employing call interface software and the standard communication protocol over the network. The e-commerce voice communication system (EVCS) represented by an e-commerce voice communication symbol on a web page which, upon clicking, launches the call interface program, initiates a real-time communication channel between the client computer and the receiving computer, dials the desired telephone number via a voice modem.

Abstract: A method and material for improved TiO2 pigment for paper and laminates is described. Phosphorous, titanium, and aluminum compounds are successively added to a TiO2 pigment suspension. Resulting pigments show improved greying resistance and hiding power over prior art pigments, and show improved results as pigments in tests of paper and laminates.

Abstract: A substrate for supporting epitaxial growth of light emitting semiconductor devices having a non-crystalline multilayer reflection controlling stack under a thin layer of single crystal silicon is shown. A III-Nitride or other semiconductor stimulated emission device is grown on the thin layer of silicon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a jet mill of modular design for the comminution of powdery materials. An inner pulverizing casing made entirely of wear-resistant material is freely mounted in an outer casing pressure vessel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the surface treatment of a titanium dioxide that leads to pigments with improved retention and improved opacity, where consistently high opacity can be obtained using less pigment. The method is characterised in that an aluminium component and a phosphorus component are first added to a TiO2 suspension, during which process its pH value does not drop below 10. The pH value of the suspension is subsequently lowered to below 9 by adding an acid component. The pigment produced by the method according to the invention is eminently suited to use in decorative laminating paper.