Abstract: A system is provided in which an analog storage device stores, delays, and/or changes the time scale of an input analog waveform. The system provides an output which is corrected for the gain and offset of the analog storage device by exercising the system using known analog inputs and combining the output so obtained with the uncorrected output of the input analog waveform. In a preferred embodiment, the output is also corrected for non-linear and dispersive distortion of the storage device by exercising the system using an input analog signal derived from the earlier output of the system (corrected for gain and offset) and suitably combining the new output so generated with the earlier output.

Abstract: A magnetic bubble circuit and process for the manufacture of same is disclosed in which a pattern of permalloy elements is overlaid on a substantially planar surface contiguous with the top surface of an underlying pattern of conducting elements. This structure is fabricated by including a metal or metal alloy film on the substrate and selectively anodizing the film to produce conducting and nonconducting regions having coplanar surfaces.

Abstract: A beam directing device is provided which employs one or more mirrors mounted on a single rotatable shaft. The orientation of the shaft controls the rotational orientation of these directing mirror(s) to direct the beam toward any of a number of sample or reference cells. Behind each cell is a cube corner which reflects the beam back to the directing mirror(s) for reflection toward the detector. In one embodiment, a shaft encoded senses the orientation of the shaft, the encoder output being servoed against a position signal to coarsely rotate the shaft in order to direct the beam to a sample cell and thence to a spectrograph slit. A pair of slit diodes detect the beam overlap on each side of the slit and their output is used to accurately position the beam on the slit to within one second of arc and correct for deviations in beam direction.

Abstract: Each memory cell of an x-y addressable semiconductor memory includes a charge storage element serially connected with an I-O (bit) line through a pair of CCD-type transfer gates. One gate is responsive to x-addressing and the other gate to y-addressing.When an x-y address is selected only the charge storage element of the one selected memory cell communicates with the bit line.

Abstract: A digital electronic tuning device is provided in which an arrangement of light-emitting diodes [LED's] or other display elements indicates when two frequencies are equal. If the frequencies are unequal, the device provides an indication of both the magnitude and direction of the inequality. For use as a tuner of musical instruments, one frequency is provided by a preset clock while the second frequency derives from the musical instrument under test. In operation, a circular pattern of lights on the display elements appears stationary when the instrument is in tune and appears to rotate or spin when the instrument is out of tune. Some information about the harmonic content of the frequency of the signal under test may also be read from the device. In one embodiment, the invention may be used in connection with a stepping motor to automatically tune an instrument.

Abstract: A device is provided for measuring the concentration of oxygen in a sample utilizing the differential absorption by oxygen (O.sub.2) of two closely spaced ultraviolet (UV) radiation lines. The two UV lines are preferably isotope-shifted Hg lines in the vicinity of the Hg atomic transistion line at 1849.5A.

Abstract: A magnetic bubble circuit and process for the manufacture of same is disclosed in which a pattern of permalloy elements is overlaid on a substantially planar surface contiguous with the top surface of an underlying pattern of conducting elements. This structure is fabricated by including a metal or metal alloy film on the substrate and selectively anodizing the film to produce conducting and nonconducting regions having coplanar surfaces.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a low-defect layer of silicon on a sapphire substrate. A silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) wafer is formed by initially epitaxially depositing silicon on the sapphire substrate to form a monocrystalline layer which is substantially free of lattice defects near its surface, but which exhibits a high defect density near the sapphire substrate. The wafer is subsequently subjected to an ion implantation to form an amorphous region in the silicon near the silicon-sapphire interface. The implanted ions are preferably "channeled" through the silicon layer to insure that the amorphous region will be localized in the imperfect region near the substrate, leaving the upper region of the silicon layer undamaged. During a subsequent high temperature anneal cycle, monocrystalline silicon is regrown from the residual upper regions of the silicon down to the silicon-sapphire interface, producing a silicon layer having a greatly reduced defect density throughout the layer.

Abstract: An electronic component is provided having mounting leads configured as concentric arcs centered about a desired axis of rotation. The leads may therefore be inserted into a mounting board, and the component rotated to a desired angle with respect to the surface of the mounting board. In some embodiments, one or more of the mounting leads is provided with tabs or other positioning elements to facilitate the positioning of the component at any of a number of selected angles relative to the mounting board.

Abstract: A one-transistor memory cell is provided in which the depletion-layer capacitance of an MOS capacitor is increased by locally enhancing the substrate dopant concentration. In preferred embodiments the substrate may also be doped adjacent to the substrate-insulator boundary with ions of appropriate conductivity type to form a diode junction in the substrate. The effective capacitance of the memory cell is therefore the capacitance of the insulator in parallel with the substantially increased depletion-layer or diode junction capacitance.

Abstract: A photosensing device is provided in which selective doping of the semiconductor substrate of the device produces electric fields in the substrate which accelerate photogenerated charge carriers toward or away from the surface of the device. The probability of detection of change carriers by photosensing elements remote from the region of carrier photogeneration is thereby reduced.

Abstract: An electrostatic beam deflection system is provided for use in electron beam devices. In the present system several grids and an accelerating electrode are geometrically configured to direct positive ions away from an electron emitter surface. These positive ions are typically formed by interaction of the electrons emitted from the emitter surface with a gas ambient or with species adsorbed on the various grids and electrodes. Degradation of the electron emitter surface is thereby reduced, and the lifetime of the emitter concomitantly extended.

Abstract: A transient storage instrument of the charge coupled device (CCD) type captures fast analog transient signals and reproduces them at a slower rate. A number of stages of a "sampling" CCD sample and store charges representing time sampled voltages on the transient signal. The stored charges are then transferred in parallel into a "storage" CCD shift register to be stored and serially outputted as a time sequence of output voltage levels representative of the input signal at each of the sample times.

Abstract: A process is provided for the VPE growth of III/V compounds such as Al.sub.x Ga.sub.1-x As in which the group III elements are transported into the reaction zone in the form of organometallic compounds in the presence of a gaseous halogen or hydrogen halide such as hydrogen chloride (HCl).

Abstract: An optical bar code reader is provided employing a dual focusing system in which a source of light is focused by a first lens to a small area of the bar code, which reflects the light back through a second lens to a detector. In preferred embodiments of the invention the source and detector are solid state semiconductors mounted on the same substrate, while the focusing lenses are integrally molded as part of a single lens support. Spherical aberration is minimized by utilizing aspheric lenses.

Abstract: Semiconductor packages are manufactured according to a method which eliminates or greatly reduces the occurrence of short circuited or otherwise badly positioned leads. The method utilizes a leadframe having a bonding tip support connecting the bonding tips of the leads. After the leadframe is affixed to a ceramic element, the connecting element is removed.

Abstract: A diffusion pump is provided in which an internal vacuum chamber is surrounded by regions of the pump through which working vapors flow. This configuration enables a single heating unit to heat both the working fluid of the pump and the vacuum chamber.In certain embodiments, a differential pump is provided in which a common boiler provides working fluid for a pair of pumping sections, each of which evacuates a different vacuum chamber. Application of this pump to a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer system permits operation with relatively large gas throughput while maintaining a relatively low pressure chamber for the mass spectrometer ion source and a much lower pressure chamber for the mass analyzer.

Abstract: A gas analyzer is provided which is particularly suited for making transcutaneous measurement of the CO.sub.2 concentration in the blood.In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, sample gases from the body are circulated in a cavity of the device. A rotating wheel in the cavity includes two reference cells and a sample cell which are sequentially rotated into the optical path between a source and a detector. Three signals are thereby provided which may be combined to give an output indication of the CO.sub.2 concentration in the body fluids. In a preferred embodiment, the sample cell is an "inverted cell" being in open communication with the sample gas circulating in the device so that the gas in the sample cell is a portion of the circulating gas which also surrounds the two reference cells. An output indication is thereby obtained which is insensitive to contaminants in the sample.

Abstract: A transcutaneous pH measuring device is provided in which a known volume of fluid is brought into equilibrium with body fluids through a membrane on a portion of skin whose surface layers have been stripped away. The fluid contains a pH sensitive dye. Optical measurements of the transmission characteristics of the fluid are obtained when the fluid is in the optical path. During portions of each operating cycle, the fluid is driven back into the vicinity of the skin to pH equilibrate with body fluids while standardization measurements are obtained using an optical plug of known transmission characteristics in the optical path.

Abstract: A liquid phase epitaxial reactor is provided in which a simple cycling mechanism sequentially feeds semiconductor wafers from an input stack into a deposition region and thence to an output stack. In preferred embodiments, a cam is employed to tilt the output stack to accommodate the positioning of each successive wafer in the stack.