Abstract: Apparatus for reducing oxalic acid to a product includes a cell. A separator which separates the cell into two chambers; a catholyte chamber and an anolyte chamber. Each chamber has an inlet and an outlet. A porous cathode having a catalyst is arranged within the catholyte chamber so that a catholyte entering the inlet of the catholyte chamber will pass through the cathode. A porous anode is arranged within the anolyte section so that an electrolyte entering the inlet of the anolyte section will pass through the anode and exit through the outlet of anolyte section. A source provides the catholyte which is a mixture of oxalic acid and an electrolyte to the inlet of the catholyte chamber while another source provides the electrolyte to the inlet of the anolyte chamber. A d.c. voltage is provided between the cathode and the anode so as to cooperate in the reduction of oxalic acid within the porous cathode to a product which exits the catholyte chamber by way of its outlet.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention includes a group of at least three seismic detectors. Each seismic detector detects vibrations and provides a seismic signal in accordance with the sensed vibration. A multiplexer multiplexes the seismic signals to provide a multiplexed signal. The multiplexed signal is amplified and converted to digital signals. A memory stores the digital signals according to the detector of origin so that the stored digital signals for a detector are in effect a sample of the seismic signals from the detector. A microprocessor connected to the memory means derives a statistical reference from the stored samples. Samples that are outlying with respect to the statistical reference are discarded. The remaining samples are then combined in a predetermined manner to provide an enhanced seismic signal from the group of detectors.

Abstract: A well logging system and method for determining the water saturation of an earth formation and the resistivity of the water using complex dielectric constant and formation porosity measurements. Electromagnetic energy is transmitted into the earth formation from a borehole at a frequency lying within the range of frequencies from 10 MHz to 200 MHz. Electromagnetic energies are received at two locations in the borehole. A complex dielectric constant is derived from the received electromagnetic energies. The water resistivity and the water saturation of the earth formation is derived in accordance with the porosity of the earth formation and with the real and imaginary parts of the derived complex dielectric constant.

Abstract: A monitoring system and method monitors the gas flow rate, the liquid flow rate, and the water cut of liquid in a multi-phase petroleum stream which includes stratifying the petroleum stream by having it flow down a decline at a predetermined angle to the horizontal. The stratified stream flows into a gas trap from which the liquid exits by a liquid exit pipe which is connected to another section of the pipeline. A gas accumulator is connected to the stratifying pipe and to the gas trap and collects the gas from them. A gas exit pipe is connected to the accumulator and to the other section of the pipeline and allows the gas to flow from the accumulator to the pipeline. A gas flow rate meter is connected to the gas exit pipe and provides a signal corresponding to the gas flow rate. A liquid flow rate meter is connected to the liquid exit pipe and provides a liquid flow rate signal.

Abstract: A petroleum stream measurement system includes a cell made of non-conductive material for passing a flowing petroleum stream. First and second sensors, spatially arranged with the cell and spaced at a predetermined distance apart, sense the capacitance of the petroleum stream and provides representative signals. A third sensor senses the capacitance of the petroleum stream and provides a corresponding signal. A fourth sensor senses the capacitance of the petroleum stream and provides a signal corresponding thereto. Apparatus receiving the signals from all the sensors derives the distribution of the different fluids within the petroleum stream.

Abstract: The present invention is a well logging apparatus and method for measuring the azimuth and speed of horizontal flow by a borehole using a conventional well logging sonde having a neutron source for irradiating the earthen formation surrounding the borehole. A gamma ray detection assembly in the sonde includes a segmented crystal and a segmented photomultiplier tube optically coupled to said segmented crystal. An additional gamma ray detector is located within the sonde and is displaced longitudinally along the sonde's longitudinal axis from the gamma ray detection assembly.

Abstract: The system and the method of the present invention tests the homogeneity of a solution utilizing a housing which includes a first chamber for a reference solution and a second chamber for a test solution. The housing also includes a pair of transducers spatially related to the first and second chambers for providing signals in accordance with incident lights. The housing also includes a light source which provides light equally to both chambers in a manner so the light passes through the solutions in both chambers to be incident upon the transducers. Circuitry connected to the transducers provide an output signal related to the quality of the test solution in accordance with the signals provided by the transducers.

Abstract: A pumping system includes a pump having a plurality of cylinders, a suction manifold and a discharge manifold. Each cylinder includes a piston connected to a pump shaft. The system also includes apparatus for rotating the pump shaft so as to move the pistons. A fluid enters the pump by way of the suction manifold, is compressed in the pump by the pistons and the compressed fluid leaves the pump by way of the discharge manifold. Equipment connected to the discharge manifold affects the discharging of the compressed fluid in accordance with the number of cylinders and the rotational frquency of the pump shaft.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing two chemical products includes a reaction cell having an anode chamber and a cathode chamber. The anode chamber is separated from the cathode chamber by an ionic transfer membrane. Each chamber has an electrode connected to a source of DC voltage. A first electrolyte with a first sparging gas is provided to the anode chamber, while a second electrolyte with a second sparging gas is provided to the cathode chamber. The DC voltage, in cooperation with the electrolytes and the sparging gases causes products to form, one in each chamber. The first product is removed from the reacted electrolyte that emerges from the anode chamber while the second product is removed from the reacted electrolyte emerging from the cathode chamber.

Abstract: The present invention is a well logging method for determining the water saturation of an earth formation and the water's resistivity. Electromagnetic energy is transmitted into the earthen formation from a borehole traversing the earth formation. The electromagnetic energy is transmitted at two different frequencies within a range of frequency from 10 MHz to 200 MHz. Electromagnetic energies are received in the borehole from the earth formation. A phase difference and amplitude ratio for each transmitting frequency is derived from the received electromagnetic energy. The water resistivity and water saturation of the earth formation are derived from the derived phase differences and the amplitude ratios.

Abstract: The seismic amplifier includes an amplifying circuit which amplifies an analog signal to provide an amplified analog signal. The amplified analog signal is converted to digital signals. A controlled network connected to the amplifier circuit controls the gain of the amplifier circuit in a manner so that the gain for a current seismic operation, except for an initial seismic operation, is determined during the next previous vibration seismic operation.

Abstract: A safety system for use with apparatus having a conductive member and where the apparatus changes the attitude and/or altitude of the conductive member during its operation includes at least one sensor which senses an electric field and provides a signal representative of the strength of the electric field. A safety device responsive to the signal from the sensor prevents the further changing of the conductive member's attitude and/or altitude when the electric field strength is greater than a predetermined safe value.

Abstract: The present invention is a system and method for determining the onset of scale in a pipeline carrying a petroleum liquid. A source provides electrical energy to a heating element in a housing adapted to fit in the pipeline. The housing also encloses a sensor for sensing the temperature of the petroleum liquid and providing a corresponding electrical signal. The housing is arranged with the heating element and the sensor in such a manner that there is heat transfer to and from the petroleum liquid so that as scale starts to coat the housing it affects the transfer of heat.

Abstract: A stripping gland is specially designed to act on uneven surfaced leads or the like making up a bundle that extends down into a well. It includes plural interior annular grooves which accommodate flexible seals. It also has an upper cylindrical chamber that has a highly elastic stationary seal which may be compressed tightly around the bundle.

Abstract: Uniform flow distributor for trickle bed flow through a bed of solid catalyst particles. The reactants include constituents of a liquid and vapor mixture. A corrugated distributor acts to form pools of the liquid at normal minimum rate of flow and the vapor flows past the liquid pools to form a uniform mixture in the bed of catalyst particles.

Abstract: A method deriving phenyl isocyanate includes providing an electrolyte. The electrolyte is separated by an ion transferrable member so as to form a catholyte and an anolyte from the electrolyte. A cathode is placed in the catholyte and an anode is placed in the anolyte. Benzene and potassium isocyanate are provided to the anolyte. An electric voltage is applied across the cathode and the anode causing a reaction of the benzene and potassium isocyanate to yield phenyl isocyanate.

Abstract: The present invention is a well logging receiver coil system which includes a coil. The system also includes a variable capacitor connected across the coil to form a resonant circuit tuned to a predetermined frequency. The coil in the presence of an electromagnetic field has a current induced therein representative of the strength of the electromagnetic field. A pick-off circuit is connected to the coil in a predetermined manner and provides a signal representative of the strength of the magnetic component of the electromagnetic field substantially unaffected by the electrical field component of the electromagnetic field.

Abstract: A well logging system and method of the present invention determines the dielectric constant and/or conductivity of earth formations some of which have fluid invasion. The system and method of the present invention include the transmission of electromagnetic energy into the earth formations from a first location in a borehole in the formations at a frequency which enables the electromagnetic energy to propagate throughout the surrounding earth formations. Electromagnetic energy is received by receivers at three locations in the borehole which are spaced longitudinally from the location of the transmission of the electromagnetic energy. The receivers provide signals representative of the received electromagnetic energy. The dielectric constant and/or resistivity of the earth formations are determined in accordance with the signals from the three receivers.

Abstract: Method and apparatus determining the water saturation of a petroleum reservoir earth formation include transmitting electromagnetic energy in the earth formation from within a borehole traversing the earth formation and at least two frequencies within a preferred range of frequencies. The electromagnetic energy is received at two locations from the earth formation and within the borehole. The water saturation of the earth formation is derived from the received electromagnetic energy.

Abstract: Apparatus for determining the dielectric constant and/or resistivity of earth formations traversed by a borehole includes a transmitter which transmits electromagnetic energy into the earth formation from a first location in the borehole at a frequency which enables the electromagnetic energy to propagate throughout the surrounding earth formations. Receivers receive electromagnetic energy at two locations in the borehole which are spaced longitudinally from the transmitter provide signals representative of the total electromagnetic fields at the receiver locations. Circuitry determines the dielectric constant and/or resistivity of the formations in accordance with a secondary field ratio and a phase difference derived from the signals provided by the receivers.