Abstract: The continuity of a series-wired, lamp circuit is restored after interruption caused by failure of a lamp filament by providing a control relay that is wired in parallel with each lamp. A power resistor having a resistive load substantially the same as that of a lamp filament is arranged in series with the relay contacts, which are normally open. The failure of a lamp filament causes a high voltage to be impressed across the coil of the relay, causing it to pick up and its contacts to close, thus substituting the resistor for the lamp filament and restoring continuity to the circuit.

Abstract: A system for the collection of near real time confirmation samples is provided to quickly eliminate false positive alarms by confirming the presence or absence of a chemical agent when a monitor operating in near real time to detect the presence of that chemical agent generates an alarm. The confirmation sampling system is synchronized with the near real time monitor and the confirmation sampler and monitor draw common samples of the atmosphere of concern. In the event that the monitor generates an alarm, the confirmation sampler preserves the sample taken contemporaneously with the alarm event for separate analysis, and also takes and preserves one or more follow-on samples.