Abstract: A metal alloy solder ball comprising a first metal and a second metal, the first metal having a sputtering yield greater than the second metal. The solder ball comprises a bulk portion having a bulk ratio of the first metal to the second metal, an outer surface, and a surface gradient having a depth and a gradient ratio of the first metal to the second metal that is less than the bulk ratio. The gradient ratio increases along the surface gradient depth from a minimum at the outer surface. The solder ball may be formed by the process of exposing the ball to energized ions of a sputtering gas for an effective amount of time to form the surface gradient.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 1, 2001
Date of Patent:
August 19, 2003
Assignee:
International Business Machines Corporation
Inventors:
Frank D. Egitto, Edmond O. Fey, Luis J. Matienzo, David L. Questad, Rajinder S. Rai, Daniel C. Van Hart