Abstract: There is provided an ATM switch including: an input line unit for terminating ATM cells input via an input connection; an output line unit for outputting ATM cells to an output connection; and a switch unit for switching a first ATM connection formed by linking a first input connection with a first output connection via a first internal connection, to a second ATM connection, which has the same bandwidth and quality as the first ATM connection, formed by linking a second input connection with a second output connection via the first internal connection. With this arrangement, when the first ATM connection is changed by channel switching to the second ATM connection, the first internal connection at the first ATM connection before the switching is employed for the linking of the second input connection with the second output connection at the second ATM connection.

Abstract: A monitor and control system for transmission devices, by which mounting dimensions can be reduced, consumption power can be lowered and the cost can be reduced by reducing a number of connectors connecting units and reducing a number of drivers and receiver ICs is provided. In the monitor and control system for transmission devices, each having a monitor and control package, and plural monitored and controlled packages connected to the monitor and control package through serial buses, the monitor and control package monitors the plural monitored and controlled packages.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, in which a contact alignment mark (18A) is formed in an interlayer insulating film (17), and a wiring alignment mark (19A) is formed above a gate alignment mark (15A) so that the size of the wiring alignment mark (19A) is slightly larger than the gate alignment mark (15A). At the same time, all the other alignment marks at the lower side are shielded by a shield film (19S). Opaque alignment mark and opaque shield film are formed to shield all the alignment marks at the lower side, whereby the alignment marks can be successively formed while stacked on one another.

Abstract: A plurality of datagram VCCs, each of which is exclusively for connectionless transfer of data, are established between mutually adjacent exchanges in advance, one of these datagram VCCs is assigned exclusively for connectionless data communication and connectionless communication is performed using this datagram VCC. Specifically, an originating terminal disassembles connectionless data into data cells, inserts a cell (a leading cell), which indicates the destination address of a terminal that is the destination of the data, at the head of the data cells and then sends the leading cell to the exchange prior to the data cells. The exchange assigns a prescribed datagram VCC for connectionless communication upon referring to the destination terminal address indicated by the leading cell and thenceforth uses this VCC to transmit data cells having line identifier identical with that of the leading cell.

Abstract: In a flywheel assembled from a plurality of parts and having greatly reduced noise proportion for reciprocating-piston engines, especially hand-cranked diesel engines, a first part (17) comprises at least one steel plate, which is joined to at least one further part (22) by rivets, bolts, spot welds and/or fitting to achieve bearing contact therewith over an area, such that the parts are clamped against each other.

Abstract: A symmetric multi-layer inductor, providing an increased inductance of a conventional dual-layer inductor, exhibits a quality factor comparable to or better than that of a conventional single-layer inductor. The inductor includes a top metal patterned layer provided with a pair of groups of N number of metal lines, a bottom metal patterned layer, disposed between the substrate and the top metal patterned layer, provided with a pair of groups of N number of metal lines and an insulating material surrounding each of the metal patterned layers. In the inductor, the group of N number of metal lines on the each metal patterned layer and the other group of N number of metal lines on the same metal patterned layer are symmetric to each other with respect to an imaginary central line. Each of the metal lines has at least one via hole at one end thereof.

Abstract: An insulating layer is formed on a whole surface of a wafer. Recesses such as wiring grooves are formed in the insulating layer. A part of the insulating layer is removed on a region whose distance from the peripheral edge of the wafer is a value x or less. After a conductive film is formed on the whole wafer surface, a part is removed on a region whose distance from the peripheral wafer edge is a value y (y<x) or less. Chemical mechanical polishing removes a part of the conductive except in the recesses. Thereafter, wet etching removes part of the conductive film on a region from the peripheral wafer edge of z (x<z) or less. An interlayer insulating film is formed on the whole wafer surface.

Abstract: A silicon layer containing microcrystal is formed on a semiconductor substrate 10 having an amorphous silicon layer 61a formed on the surface thereof (t1 and t2). Continuously, HSGs (hemispherical grains) are formed, in the same furnace, on the silicon layer 61a using microcrystal on the silicon layer 61a as a nucleus (t2 and t3). Further, a source gas containing impurities is introduced into the furnace to diffuse impurities into the HSGs (t3 and t4), wherein a lower electrode is formed. Also, during the processes from t1 through t4, the partial pressure of water and oxygen in the furnace is set to 1×10−6 Torr or less. Furthermore, during the processes from t1 through t4, the temperature in the furnace is set to 550 through 600° C.

Abstract: In a field effect transistor including a semiconductor substrate which is divided into an active area and an inactive area, a comb-shaped gate electrode having a trunk portion formed on the inactive area and gate fingers formed on the active area, source ohmic electrodes and drain ohmic electrodes formed on the active area and alternating with the gate fingers of the comb-shaped gate electrodes, a comb-shaped source lead-out electrode having a trunk portion formed on the inactive area and fingers each connected to one of the source ohmic electrodes and formed on the active area, and a comb-shaped drain lead-out electrode having a trunk portion formed on the inactive area and fingers each connected to one of the drain ohmic electrodes and formed on the active area, edges of the fingers of the comb-shaped source lead-out electrode recede from edges of respective ones of the source ohmic electrodes, or edges of the fingers of the comb-shaped drain lead-out electrode recede from edges of respective ones of the dr

Abstract: A PLL circuit that causes an internal oscillation signal to lock to an external input clock signal, and is capable of suppressing jitter. The PLL circuit includes a frequency dividing circuit for frequency-dividing an input clock signal; a voltage-controlled oscillator; a missing-pulse clock signal creation circuit for creating, based on an output signal of the voltage-controlled oscillator, a missing-pulse clock signal having a higher speed than that of an output signal of the frequency dividing circuit and having a periodic missing-pulse portion; a phase comparator circuit for sampling the output signal of the frequency dividing circuit by using the missing-pulse clock signal; a shift register for storing a change in the output signal of the phase comparator circuit; and a digital signal processing circuit for converting a value stored in the shift register into a phase difference, and for controlling the input voltage to the voltage-controlled oscillator based on the phase difference.

Abstract: A linearizer includes an input terminal, an output terminal, and a field-effect transistor having a gate connected to the input terminal, a drain connected to the output terminal and a source grounded. A supply voltage is supplied through a load circuit to the drain of the transistor. A gate voltage is supplied through a bias line to the gate of the transistor. The transistor is biased at a bias point at which a drain current of the transistor in response to the gate voltage is in an unsaturated region.

Abstract: The lining is provided with a support layer (4) which can be shaped in a mold so that recesses (8) are formed in it, which will receive the various functions (5), said support (4) complemented by the remaining layers (9) which make up the lining, which are also suitably shaped in order to adapt to support (4), closing the openings of recesses (8). The procedures consists of forming support (4), housing functions (5) in its recesses (8), and in another press, or simultaneously and in the same one, forming the remaining layers (9), and finally attaching the set with suitable adhesives.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a multilayered ceramic electronic component includes the step of firing multilayered ceramic bodies having therein ceramic layers and internal electrodes in a firing furnace while flowing one or more atmosphere gases thereinto, wherein the ratio of the amount of the atmosphere gases introduced into the firing furnace per a time period to the amount of organic materials included in the multilayered ceramic bodies introduced into the firing furnace per the time period is between about 200 L/g and about 1200 L/g. Further, the multilayered ceramic bodies are introduced into the firing furnace along a first direction and the atmosphere gases flow in the firing furnace along a direction opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: A pet restraint constructed from an elongated stake having a leash-receiving section positioned near the upper end of the stake and a ground-insertable section at the lower end of the stake. At least one snag-free surface member having a ground-engaging element is connected to the stake near the leash-receiving section and extends between the leash-receiving section and the ground to provide a snag-free, tangle-free pet restraint. The snag-free surface member is preferably further adapted to maintain the upper end of the pet restraint at a certain height from the ground so as to be conspicuous to any passerby.

Abstract: An image processing device and method for processing an image defined by a combination of unit graphic forms or polygons are provided with an interpolated line completion unit which determines an interpolated line which is the line that interpolates a space between two vertices from an interpolation vector used to determine a line interpolating a space between a given vertex and another vertex among vertices of the unit graphic forms and from the coordinates of those vertices. An interpolated point computation unit is provided which determines as vertices of sub-unit graphic forms or subpolygons into which the polygons are to be split by the processing image device, interpolated points which are the points on the interpolated line. The interpolated line is a Bezier curve.

Abstract: A housing within which a resistor is arranged is connected to two connections projecting through the bottom of the housing. The housing is further provided with an aluminum plate serving as a radiator which is held inside at the top of the housing, held by strips in the latter. The housing and the aluminum plate are provided with a hole through which a wick may pass to project through the mouth of a container holding liquid product to be vaporized by heating the wick through the resistor. A frame-like spacer element is arranged on the housing and fixed thereto, defining a supporting surface for a tablet, which tablet may be spaced to a greater or lesser extent by the spacer element in order for said tablet to be reached at all times by the appropriate heat to be full efficiently vaporized.

Abstract: A communication signal suppressing apparatus capable of reducing a load of a firmware using portion is provided in a communication signal apparatus such as a common line signal apparatus. A common line signal processing circuit corresponds to hardware used to execute a portion of the level-2 process operation, and this common line signal processing circuit owns such a function capable of discarding a reception frame having no meaning other than a confirmation response, and also capable of extracting a reverse-direction sequence number thereof. As a result, the common line signal processing circuit performs a remaining level-2 process operation. Thus, since a workload of a processing apparatus (CPU) using the firmware can be reduced, this firmware can be designed with sufficient capacities. Also, other process operations can be carried out by this CPU.

Abstract: In a coupling tooth formation, in particular in a gear box, either on a gear sleeve or on a gear wheel, the teeth are fitted to the base end of a cylindrical base (12) in relation to the rotational axis, elongate in axial direction and provided at their coupling end with a roof outline sloping from the tooth base towards the tooth head, comprising a rounded roof edge (5); the radius of the roof edge rounding increases from the tooth base towards the tooth head according to a pre-set function in order to design the procedure of the tracking process after the initial contact as smoothly running as possible.

Abstract: A heat insulation chamber according to the present invention is a heat insulation chamber which is made of heat insulating material and forms an inner chamber for accommodating an electronic part. This heat insulation chamber achieves coupling between the electronic part accommodated in the inner chamber formed within a cabinet and the outside of the cabinet by a radio transmission path or a coupling path by static coupling or inductive coupling. A thermostatic chamber and a cryostat according to the present invention comprise the aforementioned heat insulation chamber, a heat exchanger mounted in the heat insulation chamber, and a thermoregulator which maintains the temperature of the inner chamber accommodating the electronic part at an operating temperature of the electronic part through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A simple and compact hinge structure pivotally and detachably fixes a lid to a housing. The hinge structure has a shaft provided for the housing and a bearing unit provided for the lid. The bearing unit has a shaft-attaching/detaching opening for attaching or detaching the shaft in the axial direction. The bearing unit further includes a first bearing for receiving one portion of the peripheral surface of the shaft and a second bearing for receiving another portion of the peripheral surface of the shaft. The first bearing and the second bearing face each other. The space between the first bearing and the second bearing becomes narrower as it is closer to the shaft-attaching/detaching opening. The second bearing is formed of a leaf spring. With this arrangement, even if an excessive force is applied to the lid or the housing, it is possible to prevent both the elements from being destroyed.