Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for absorbing solar energy, the apparatus providing a sealed envelope having a transparent upper panel with a solar energy absorbing panel thermally isolated against convective and conductive heat losses by a partial vacuum in the sealed envelope. The transparent panel has an upwardly extending curvilinear surface which increases its strength characteristics against the pressure differential between the ambient and the partial vacuum inside the envelope. Support structure is also provided in conjunction with the apparatus to place the periphery of the transparent panel under constriction to compensate for tensile stresses imposed thereon by the pressure differential. The inside surface of the transparent panel and the absorber panel are selectively coated with an infrared reflective surface to reflect and reduce losses of infrared radiation emitted by the absorber panel.

Abstract: A distillation/evaporation/drying apparatus wherein alcohol is removed by a dry, warm carrier gas from an alcohol-containing slurry from a fermenter. Carbon dioxide from the fermenter is used as the carrier gas and is suitably dried, warmed and recycled into contact with the slurry to assist in removing alcohol therefrom. The apparatus includes a reflux section to upgrade the alcohol content of the carrier gas.

Abstract: A process for recovering hydrocarbon products from a body of fragmented or rubblized oil shale. The process includes initiating a combustion zone adjacent the lower end of a body of oil shale and using the thermal energy therefrom for volatilizing the shale oil from the oil shale above the combustion front. Improved recovery of hydrocarbon products is realized by refluxing the heavier fractions in the volatilized shale oil. The heavier fractions are refluxed by condensing the heavier fractions and allowing the resulting condensate to flow downwardly toward the combustion front. Thermal energy from the combustion zone cracks the condensate producing additional lower molecular weight fractions and a carbonaceous residue. The carbonaceous residue is burned in the combustion front to supply the thermal energy. The temperature of the combustion front is maintained by regulating input of oxygen to the combustion zone.

Abstract: A temperature control system and method for controlling the bus bar temperature of an automated guideway transit system in relation to the ambient dew point temperature. A resistance temperature device detects the temperature of the bus bars, and a dew point cell detects the dew point temperature of the ambient atmosphere. A first transmitter converts the detected bus bar temperature to a first electrical signal, and then amplifies and transmits the first electrical signal. A second transmitter converts the detected dew point temperature to a second electrical signal, and then amplifies and transmits the second electrical signal. A first electronic comparator receives the transmitted signals and detects the magnitude of the difference between the two signals. When the magnitude of the difference between the two signals reaches a set level, an output signal is triggered.

Abstract: A torch ignition apparatus and method, the apparatus including a secondary, torch ignition piston interconnected to the primary piston and operable to produce through compression ignition of a carbureted fuel/air mixture a jet of hot gases capable of igniting a fuel and air mixture compressed in a primary combustion chamber by the primary piston. The apparatus also includes a secondary fuel system for supplementing a low ratio fuel/air mixture in the combustion chamber and a novel hoop valve and exhaust port system for providing a unique, highly efficient flow-through system for exchanging gases in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A combination breast pump and gavage feeding apparatus and method, the apparatus including means for applying suction to the nipple portion of a mammary gland while accommodating manual manipulation of the mammary gland for colostrum extraction and improved lactation. A pulse unit may also be included in the apparatus to impart the desired manipulatory action to at least the areola portion of the breast engaged by the breast pump. Air pressure and wall thickness and contour of the pulse unit are used in the pulse unit to provide the desired manipulatory action. The apparatus also includes interchangeable reservoir means for collecting the colostrum and/or milk therein for subsequent oral feeding and/or gavage feeding. A syringe barrel is configurated as the reservoir means for the gavage feeding portion of the apparatus.

Abstract: A power factor metering device. The power factor metering device includes a novel electronic circuit for deriving the power factor from a detected voltage and current. The device includes a current clamp that may be clamped onto any conductor of a three-phase or single-phase circuit. Voltage clips are used to detect the circuit's voltage. The current clamp induces a voltage that lags the detected current by 90 electrical degrees. An amplifier stage is coupled to the induced voltage through a low input variable resistance so that the input voltage to the amplifier stage may be adjusted to correct for errors induced in the phase relationship between the detected voltage and current. The output from the amplifier stage is input into a zero crossing detector stage that changes its output state each time the output of the amplifier stage passes through zero.

Abstract: A computerized system and method for electronically storing, retrieving, separating, comparing and interrelating data which is maintained in a predetermined classification scheme. Data is electronically stored under the predetermined classification scheme in the form of hierarchal information trees. Data corresponding to a selected attribute may be found in an information tree by using a CRT terminal to scan the various levels of the hierarchy of the tree. As the various levels of the tree are scanned, nodes in each level of the tree are selected in accordance with the desired attribute which is being searched. The selection of various nodes in the levels of the information tree defines one or more concurrent paths through the tree which provide access to all data classified under the information tree corresponding to the attribute being searched. A CPU generates an encoded representation for each set of concurrent paths that are searched through the information tree.

Abstract: A ring of transmitter and receiver transducer arrays circumscribes an object to be scanned. Semicircular wave fronts of ultrasound energy are propagated from different points around the ring of transducers by triggering the transmitter arrays in sequence. The reflected and transmitted ultrasound energy picked up by the receiver arrays is then electronically analyzed and a synthetically focused image corresponding to the scanned object is reconstructed on a display screen. Surprisingly high quality resolution for the reconstructed images is achieved by carefully controlling the type of waveform from which the displayed image is reconstructed. In one embodiment of the invention, the signals received by the receiver arrays are processed by a waveshaping circuit to achieve the desired waveform. In a second embodiment of the invention, the desired waveform is generated by a waveform generator circuit and transmitted by the transmitter arrays.

Abstract: A system and method for automated materials handling is disclosed wherein palletized goods are stored and retrieved with maximum through-put. This system is particularly applicable for pallets of comparatively large size. In accordance with this system and method, input loads are queued prior to displacement onto a continuous conveyor serviced by a plurality of S/R machines. The queued loads are metered onto the conveyor on a far to near aisle correspondence basis and are simultaneously exchanged for output loads at each of the aisle locations. The method includes compensation for circumstances where outputs exceed inputs and where inputs exceed outputs by empty pallet management.

Abstract: A detachable balloon catheter apparatus and method. The apparatus includes an introducer catheter which is attached at its trailing end to a source of pressurized fluid. The leading end of the catheter is attached to an inflatable balloon which may be inflated as the pressurized fluid is injected through the introducer catheter. A valve mechanism is positioned inside the assembled introducer catheter and balloon and the leading end of the valve mechanism is bonded to the interior of the balloon. As the balloon is inflated by the pressurized fluid, a forwardly directed lateral force is exerted on the valve mechanism so that it is pulled forward into fluid-tight engagement with the valve seat placed at the opening of the balloon. Once the valve mechanism is pulled into fluid-tight engagement so as to close off the opening of the balloon, further injection of the pressurized fluid serves to detach the inflated balloon from the introducer catheter.

Abstract: An externally cooled, absorption engine apparatus and method, the apparatus including a closed cycle system having a first fluid and a second fluid, the first fluid constituting a working fluid and having a relatively lower boiling point while the second fluid constitutes a solvent for the first fluid and has a relatively higher boiling point and a relatively high degree of absorptivity for the first fluid. The apparatus further includes a distillation column, a superheater, a mechanical expansion engine, an externally cooled absorption column, and heat exchange apparatus. The distillation column separates the first fluid or working fluid from the solvent with heat energy supplied by an external combustion source and the superheater increases the thermal energy thereof prior to passing the working fluid through the mechanical expansion engine. The mechanical expansion engine converts thermal engine in the working fluid vapor to mechanical energy.

Abstract: An automobile transportation and storage pallet used in automated storage and retrieval systems. The pallet is provided with steel tire channels connected and supported by a plurality of steel support members. Safety grip strips applied to the tire channels provide tire traction thereon. A corrugated drip pan interposed between the tire channels collects any drippings from the automobile. Tire blocks adjustably mounted to the tire channels secure the tires of the automobile resulting in proper alignment of the automobile with respect to the pallet and preventing movement of the automobile thereon. The tire blocks can be adjusted to conform to any size of tire and wheel base.

Abstract: A power hoe for working soil. The power hoe includes a drive shaft contained inside a housing and driven by an electric hand drill. A drive pin mounted to a drive plate at the end of the drive shaft is inserted into a piston housed in a sleeve. The piston is allowed to slide back and forth within the sleeve thus allowing the rotational motion of the drive pin to be translated to harmonic reciprocating motion at the sleeve in a direction perpendicular to the path of the moving piston. The sleeve is attached to a cutting head, thus causing the cutting head also to reciprocate. The cutting head can be adjusted so as to change the length of the stroke; the speed of the stroke varies with the speed of the hand drill. A curved cutting edge on the blade of the cutting head compensates for the arc of the blade as it reciprocates, allowing for more efficient working of the soil.

Abstract: A valve apparatus and method for controlling flow of water to an end gun of a pivot irrigation apparatus. An actuator mechanism for the valve apparatus includes a horizontally mounted, downwardly extended contact bar interconnected by a mechanical linkage to the valve. Contact posts are selectively positioned at preselected intervals along the path of travel of the pivot irrigation apparatus at locations where they will be engaged by the contact bar to rotate the same. The rotational movement of the contact bar is translated by the mechanical linkage into a corresponding rotation of the valve.