Abstract: A three terminal transferred electron device (TED) with a Schottky barrier gate and a series connected output circuit are connected to a bias supply which biases the TED just below threshold. A radio frequency (RF) signal of a given peak amplitude is applied to the TED gate which is biased such that the negative peak of each cycle of RF signal nucleates the domain in the TED. The resulting change in signal over a given time period at the output circuit is a measure of RF signal frequency.

Abstract: Circuit and method for synchronizing a clocked coded output signal with an iterative encoded input signal in a time relation that results in the greatest correlation. An AS (arithmetic synthesizer) initially produces a clock signal at a rate different from that of the input signal. The clock signal so produced drives a waveform generator that produces an iterative encoded signal similar in kind to the input signal. As the time (phase) relation between the generated signal and the input signal is varied, a correlation coefficient is derived at successive phase positions. The AS is then set into the condition of greatest correlation and synchronized with the input signal.

Abstract: Series-connected, field-effect transistors (FET's) of complementary conductivity types are employed to mix two or more input signals. The transistors are quiescently biased in their linear operating range. Each input signal is applied to the gate electrode of one FET and the gate electrode of the corresponding FET of opposite conductivity type in the series string. The output signal containing sum and difference frequencies is available at a common drain connection between two adjacent transistors of opposite conductivity types at the center of the string.

Abstract: Circuit for indicating when a voltage indicative of a condition, such as the presence of smoke, changes to a value outside of a given voltage range. It includes an oscillator which oscillates in response to a value of voltage within said range and which stops oscillating when the voltage changes to a value outside of said range. A circuit coupled to said oscillator sounds an alarm when the oscillations cease.

Abstract: A ground fault detector which exhibits greater sensitivity to sensing coil current during the initial portions of a-c line voltage half-cycles than during the final portions of those half cycles. This improves its response to resistive ground faults in the presence of unbalanced capacitance to ground conditions of the a-c power lines.

Abstract: Circuit employing complementary field-effect transistors operated in the triode mode. A signal representing the multiplicand is applied to the gate electrode of one transistor and a signal representing the multiplier is applied to the drain electrode of the same transistor. The complement of the multiplier signal is applied to the drain electrode of the other transistor. A current indicative of the product is available at the common connection of the source electrodes.

Abstract: A current mirror amplifier in which at least one of the mirroring transistors is a composite transistor in which the number of simple transistors parallelled to form the composite transistor can be selected in response to a digital signal to program the current gain of the current mirror amplifier in accordance with said digital signal. Current mirror amplifiers with programmable current gains are useful, for example, in the multiplication and/or division of analog information by digital multipliers, and in digital-to-analog conversion.

Abstract: Two current amplifiers are connected in a regenerative feedback loop. One of them exhibits an exponential decrease in current gain in response to a linear increase in input current, in consequence of which the current level in the loop stabilizes at a predictable level.

Abstract: A NMOS transistor in the input current path of a PMOS current mirror amplifier senses any tendency to change of the voltage across a load driven by the output current of the amplifier. In response thereto, the NMOS transistor changes the input current of the amplifier to thereby vary its output current in a sense to maintain the voltage across the load constant.

Abstract: A positive-temperature-coefficient difference between the emitter-to-base potentials of two transistors in particular configuration is scaled up and added to one of the emitter-to-base potentials to develop a potential, a multiple of which is supplied as the reference potential.

Abstract: The maximum drive currents available to the output transistors of a Class B or AB push-pull amplifier are controlled as a function of their emitter-to-collector voltages, permitting the operation of the transistors over substantially their entire safe operating area ratings.

Abstract: A positive-temperature-coefficient potential is developed by scaling up from the potential difference appearing between the base electrodes of two transistors with interconnected emitter electrodes constrained by a positive feedback loop to operate with different densities of current flow through their respective base-emitter junctions. This positive-temperature-coefficient potential is added to a negative-temperature-coefficient potential derived from the base-emitter offset potential of one of the transistors, to provide the reference potential.

Abstract: Current mirror amplifiers, which exhibit greater current attenuation (or gain) than prior art current mirror amplifiers taking up the same area on a monolithic integrated circuit die, are described in which the base-emitter junctions of the mirroring transistors are dissimilar in profile.

Abstract: A current mirror amplifier (CMA) and another current amplifier are connected in a degenerative current feedback loop with a point therein which point exhibits a low a-c impedance with respect to a-c ground and provides for sensing signal current applied thereto from an impedance element. The CMA has an input terminal connected to this sensing point, a common terminal connected to a-c ground and an output terminal connected to a constant current source load. The other current amplifier has input and common terminals connected to the CMA output terminal and to the sensing point, respectively, and has an output terminal from which sensed signal current is available.

Abstract: The difference between the base potentials of a pair of transistors, which are interconnected at their emitter electrodes and operated with different densities of current flow through their base-emitter junctions, is scaled up by a fixed ratio and applied between the base electrodes of another pair of transistors with interconnected emitter electrodes to cause their collector currents to flow in a desired ratio.

Abstract: The collector currents of first and second junction transistors which have base electrodes biased at the same quiescent potential and have emitter electrodes connected via respective emitter degeneration resistances to a common point, are adjusted relative to each other. This is done by applying linearly temperature-dependent voltages in adjustable ratio with each other to the emitter degeneration resistances. This makes it so that the adjustment of the relative values of the collector currents is substantially unchanging over a temperature range.

Abstract: A current subtractor circuit utilizing a current mirror amplifier (CMA) as the subtracting element. An operational amplifier converts the difference current to an output voltage proportional to this difference. The operational amplifier additionally may be utilized to equalize the voltage drop across the conduction paths of the transistors comprising the CMA and to maintain the CMA output transistor in its constant current region of operation.

Abstract: A circuit comprising first and second current amplifiers connected in a regenerative feedback loop and which includes a starting circuit. The latter initiates current flow in the loop and is automatically disconnected from the loop once normal operating conditions are reached therein.

Abstract: The collector currents of first and second junction transistors which have base electrodes biased at the same quiescent potential and have emitter electrodes connected via respective emitter degeneration resistances to a common point, are adjusted relative to each other. This is done by applying temperature-independent currents in adjustable ratio with each other to the emitter degeneration resistances. The resistances have temperature coefficients of 1/T.sub.O to make the adjustment of the collector currents substantially unchanging for a range of temperatures around T.sub.0.

Abstract: Current-mode OR gates useful, for example, in telephone cross-point switch systems. A current-mode OR gate withdraws an output current of predetermined level at its output terminal whenever an input current of sufficient level is applied to one or more of its plurality of input terminals. Each input terminal is connected to the base electrode of a transistor, having its collector electrode connected to the output terminal and having its emitter electrode connected by a resistor to a common terminal. Each input current will bias the transistor to which base it is applied, into conduction, to cause its collector current to be withdrawn through the output terminal. The total output current is constrained to the predetermined level by sensing the potential across the resistor and, in response to this potential reaching a predetermined value, clamping each of the input terminals receiving current to prevent further increase of the potential across the resistor.