Abstract: The productivity of phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalysts useful for converting saturated hydrocarbons containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms to maleic anhydride can be increased by the order of preparatory steps used to prepare such catalysts. Phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalysts are prepared by mixing phosphorus and vanadium compounds to form precursors, shaping precursors and then calcining the precursors to form the catalysts. The catalysts are particularly beneficial for the conversion of butane to maleic anhydride.