Abstract: Apparatus for the cryofixation of biological, medical or technical specimens having a high water content or fluid content by immersion in a cooling bath or on a metal mirror surface, comprises a container for coolant within which is disposed in a tank for specimen cooling medium. An injector is provided for holding a specimen and moving it along a delivery path. A member having a mirror surface is provided for mirror surface cryofixation, said member being adapted to be removably disposed at a position located in the injection path. A highly thermally conductive contact is provided between the tank and the member.

Abstract: Apparatus for the cryofixation of specimens, comprises a tank adapted to contain a cold gaseous medium having an upper boundary with an atmosphere external to the tank, and cooling means having an upper surface, said cooling means being disposed within the tank. The upper surface is movable between a lower level and an upper level which is below the upper boundary. The upper surface is maintained at the upper level for a period sufficient to permit the application of a specimen to the upper surface, and is then lowered to the lower level.

Abstract: A hard shell capsule for the exact dosage of substances, especially for pharmaceutical use, having a body part and a cap part which is joinable with said body. The body part has a side wall, a closed end and an open end. The cap part is die-molded or extruded as a stopper directly into the open end of the body after the body has been filled, so as to seal the contents within the capsule.

Abstract: A device for immersing a specimen into a cryogenic cooling liquid comprising an injector for carrying a specimen, means for accelerating the injector to a predetermined velocity vertically into the liquid, and means for rotating the injector, before the vertical movement ends, or at the moment it ends, to promote heat transfer from the specimen. Various means for effecting rotation of the injector are described.

Abstract: A microtome, in particular an ultramicrotome, having a specimen carrier which can be moved relative to a knife. The specimen carrier includes a clamping aperture for holding a specimen. A light source is located inside the clamping aperture in the specimen carrier so that light is transmitted, from the rear of the clamping aperture, through a specimen block which is composed of a transparent material and through the specimen.