Abstract: The nominally linear reaction rate and the curvature thereof are computed over an observation period by integrating the absorbance signal in opposite directions during portions of the observation period.

Abstract: An improved micro-adjustment apparatus particularly useful with optical apparatus and the like in which a mechanical advantage of the order of 25 to 1 between an adjustment screw and a drive is obtained without lost motion thereby permitting adjustments on the order of a tenth of a micron at the output. The mechanical advantage is obtained without lost motion through bending two flexture blades rigidly attached to one another at one end.

Abstract: A spherical lens has a surface whereon a dichroic coating reflects light of known wavelength, substantially all other light being transmitted therethrough. Within the focal plane of the surface at fixed locations are respective proximal ends of a plurality of fiber light pipes. The distal ends of the fiber pipes are respectively connected to light emitting diodes whereby each diode is associated with one of the locations. In response to light being provided by a first diode, from the location associated therewith a light image of a first proximal end is transmitted to a first small region on the surface. The image of the first proximal end is collimated at the first small region and reflected therefrom. In response to light being provided by a second diode, from the location associated therewith a light image of a second proximal end is transmitted to a second small region on the surface. The image of the second proximal end is collimated at the second small region and reflected therefrom.

Abstract: A three-fold mirror array for a scanning projection system to permit placing the object and image of an annular reflective projection system in an orientation which facilitates scanning and yields an image symmetry identical to that obtained with contact printing in which three folding flats are combined with an annular field projection system. The three folding flats are incorporated in a monolithic assembly having a 90.degree. groove on one side and a fold surface perpendicular to the other folding surfaces on the other side of the assembly thereby permitting a simple pivoting scanning mechanism to be used for scanning a field larger than the narrow annular field available in the projection system.

Abstract: A viewing field splitter particularly useful for simultaneously viewing two sides of an object for alignment purposes in which the two fields are obtained from microscopes mounted to pivot about the center of an arc which is illuminated. The microscope outputs are inputs to periscopes with one mirror from each periscope located on the axis of the pivot such that there is no rotation of the image and path lengths from each optical element to the point of combination of the fields are equal.