Abstract: D,L-3,4-dehydroproline is resolved in high optical yield by conversion to its N-protected derivative, treatment with R(+)alpha-methyl-p-nitrobenzylamine to form the diastereomeric salts, fractional crystallization, decomposition of the L-R salt and regeneration of the secondary amine group. The product L-3,4-dehydroproline obtained in extremely high optical purity is useful as an inhibitor of collagen synthesis.