Abstract: The PHA biosynthetic pathway is combined with a succinic semialdehyde metabolic pathway that metabolizes succinic semialdehyde via a 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA intermediate in order to produce high levels of PHA comprising 4HB monomer units. This combination is particularly useful, in part, because the PHA biosynthetic pathway is well known and has been expressed to produce P(3HB) to levels as high as 70-80% of the cell dry weight, while the succinic semialdehyde metabolic pathway is also well known, and the combination of the two pathways means that production of PHAs comprising 4HB monomer units does not depend on immediate precursors of 4-hydroxybutyrate. Rather, the production of the PHAs comprising 4HB monomer units can occur simply from the extraction of succinate or succinyl-CoA from the citric acid cycle when the host cell is grown on an inexpensive carbon source such as glucose.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for utilizing recombinant alphavirus vectors. Also disclosed are compositions and methods for making and utilizing eukaryotic layered vector initiation systems.

Abstract: Nucleic acid sequences which encode biologically active ETF, expression vectors which direct the expression of ETF, ETF polypeptides, antibodies which specifically bind ETF and processes for preparing the same are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for treating or preventing gastrointestinal diseases and HIV or HIV-associated diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for utilizing recombinant alphavirus vectors. Also disclosed are compositions and methods for making and utilizing eukaryotic layered vector initiation systems.

Abstract: The invention described herein allows the production of recombinant retroviruses (retroviral vector particles) from producer cells which are safer and of higher titre than normal. In addition, methods are provided for making helper cells which, when a recombinant retrovirus genome is introduced to make a producer line, produce particles that are targeted toward particular cell types. Methods are also provided for making recombinant retrovirus systems adapted to infect a particular cell type, such as a tumor, by binding the retrovirus or recombinant retrovirus in the particular cell type. Methods are also provided for producing recombinant retroviruses which integrate in a specific small number of places in the host genome, and for producing recombinant retroviruses from transgenic animals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of destroying selected tumor cells comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal a vector construct which directs the expression of at least one immunogenic, non-tumorigenic form of an altered cellular component normally associated with the selected tumor cells. Also provided are vector constructs which direct the expression of altered cellular components. Representative altered cellular components include ras.sup.*, p53.sup.*, Rb.sup.*, alter protein encoded by the Wilms' tumor gene, ubiquitin.sup.*, mucin.sup.*, DCC, APC, MCC, neu, an altered receptor, and bcr/abl. Also provided are recombinant viruses carrying a vector construct, target cells infected with the recombinant virus, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the recombinant virus and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for inhibiting the growth of selected tumors utilizing recombinant viral vectors. Briefly, within one aspect of the present invention, a method for inhibiting the growth of a selected tumor is provided comprising the step of directly administering to a warm-blooded animal a vector construct which directs the expression of at least one anti-tumor agent, such that the growth of said tumor is inhibited. Representative examples of anti-tumor agents include immune activators and tumor proliferation inhibitors.

Abstract: The invention described herein allows the production of recombinant retroviruses (retroviral vector particles) from producer cells which are safer and of higher titer than normal. In addition, methods are provided for making helper cells which, when a recombinant retrovirus genome is introduced to make a producer line, produce particles that are targeted toward particular cell types. Methods are also provided for making recombinant retrovirus systems adapted to infect a particular cell type, such as a tumor, by binding the retrovirus or recombinant retrovirus in the particular cell type. Methods are also provided for producing recombinant retroviruses which integrate in a specific small number of places in the host genome, and for producing recombinant retroviruses from transgenic animals.

Abstract: A replication facility provides for the replication of files or portions of files in a distributed environment. The replication facility is able to replicate any subtree within a distributed namespace of the distributed environment. The replication facility provides multi-mastered, weakly consistent replication. The replication facility supports both public replication and private replication.

Abstract: A system provides support for the use of summary catalog data structures. In particular, the system defines such summary catalogs as data structures and provides standardized methods for operating on the data structures. The summary catalogs provide a convenient and highly available mechanism for obtaining information regarding files in the system. The summary catalogs are closely tied to queries in that the summary catalogs store query results. The summary catalogs may be encapsulated into objects that hold selected properties that are derived from other objects in a query or may be formed by other mechanisms. Copies of a summary catalog may be kept consistent using replication that propagates changes. In addition, consistency of summary catalogs with the source objects from which they originated may be maintained.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for ASRS handling of loaded and empty oceangoing containers. Containers are stored in a multi-level loaded container facility in upland and pier banks of spaced rows and columns in a grill-like arrangement with each container in a particular space spaced from all other containers, commonly referred to in ASRS systems, as rack storage. Empty containers are stored in a separate building remote from but accessible to, the stored loaded container facility and identical containers of the same ocean carrier are stacked one on top of the other directly in separate cells. Containers which are handled between upland banks of spaces and pier banks of spaces are moved between the pier and upland spaces by a number of computer automated internal bridge cranes.

Abstract: Desired cells are positively separated from a mixture of cells using multiple stages of affinity surfaces. Bound cells from each surface are removed and subjected to a further surface for further enrichment.

Abstract: A method and system for monitoring attributes of files, such as whether a file has been read, in a computer system includes a file index organized into groups, with at least one group including one or more files. The computer system also includes a number of bitmaps. A group bitmap is maintained for each group of the file index, with each group bitmap specifying the files included within the group. A user bitmap is maintained for each user of the computer system and specifies the files in the file index that have been read by the user. When the user of the computer system enters a request to determine which files within a selected group have been examined and which remain unexamined, the preferred embodiment performs a logical AND operation on the group bitmap for the selected group and the user bitmap for the user to produce a result bitmap. The computer system determines the answers to the user's request based on the contents of the result bitmap.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting the presence of a surface which may bear a bar code symbol. The apparatus generates a series of pulses having a duty cycle which depends upon whether light reflected from a surface bearing a bar code symbol has been detected recently. If such a surface has been detected, the duty cycle is maintained at a high rate. Otherwise, the duty cycle is reduced substantially until such a surface is again detected to save battery power.

Abstract: A molded closure for a liquid container comprising a thermoplastic elastomer and a blowing agent. The molded closure is particularly suitable for use as a synthetic wine cork in a wine bottle. The molded closure does not permit passage of oxygen into the container, does not absorb oxygen from the contents of the container, can be removed from the container using a corkscrew without significant expansion, crumbling or disintegration, does not significantly taint a liquid in the container, permits the container to be placed horizontally immediately after insertion of the molded closure, and can permanently retain printed matter on its surface.

Abstract: A system and method for increasing the rate of data transfer from a host computer to a peripheral without the need for special hardware within the host computer or a special interface cable coupling the host computer to the peripheral. Some simple hardware modifications are required within the peripheral interface. Data is transferred from the host computer to the peripheral in 4 KByte bursts. Handshaking occurs between the host computer and the peripheral only between bursts. Each byte of peripheral data is apportioned into two nibbles within the host computer. Two bytes are transmitted from the host computer to the peripheral, each transmitted byte containing two data clocks, a panty bit, and a nibble of peripheral data. Within the peripheral, a clock circuit receives the two clock signals from each transmitted byte and generates delayed signals to latch the nibbles of peripheral data into storage registers. The latching signals are generated only after the logic transition of both clock signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing and producing systems based upon finite element modeling and partial differential equations is presented. The apparatus includes the capability for parallel processing and decomposition of a model into parts. The method permits a model to be assembled from parts stored in a memory or database. The model is produced by interconnecting into a package the partition subsystems through an interface. The system does not require processing of data relating to an entire model at a single time. It thus permits analyses to be performed with reduced processing times and memory capacity requirements.

Abstract: A method and system for applying an appropriate object ownership model is provided. In a preferred embodiment, an operating system selectively applies an object ownership model with which running programs are compatible. This permits programs designed to be used with operating systems that do not apply a rigorous object ownership model to be used with an operating system capable of applying a rigorous object ownership model. The method and system has both an automatic object deallocation phase and an object access control phase. In the automatic deallocation control phase, the method and system defers the automatic deallocation of objects owned by programs that are incompatible with automatic object deallocation until a later time at which no such programs are still running. Instead of immediately deallocating the objects owned by a terminating program, the method and system designates them for deferred deallocation.

Abstract: A method and system for adjusting at position of an adjustable portion of a predefined shape. The predefined shape is displayed on a display with an adjust handle positioned near a reference point on the predefined shape. The position of the adjustable portion of the predefined shape is then adjusted in accordance with user input to reposition the adjust handle. The predefined shape is then again displayed having the adjustable portion as adjusted by the user input. The user input is performed by a user positioning device, such as a mouse, by dragging the adjust handle to the desired location. The adjustable portion is predefined with respect to the predefined shape, and is made up of certain segments of the predefined shape that are likely to be altered. In some cases, only segments directly adjacent to a vertex of a predefined shape are adjusted. In some cases, segments symmetrically opposite to those segments are also adjusted.

Abstract: An improved method and system for reducing the number of segment register loads that occur during the transfer of control from an application program to an operating system routine is provided. In preferred embodiments on an Intel 80386 processor, an application program and operating system kernel share a code segment address space and a data segment address space from 0 to 4G. During the execution of the application program, which executes in user mode, a page table is defined to prevent the application program from accessing pages which correspond to the address space of 2G to 4G. When the application program invokes a system routine, the system routine does not need to load the data segment register since the application program and the kernel share the same data segment. If an application program does load the data segment register with a selector other than the selector for the shared data segment, then when the kernel tries to access memory using the data segment register, an exception is generated.